Brain Health Module 9 Quiz

Brain Health Module 9 Outline

• The module covers brain health, introductions to various brain conditions, and the considerations for exercise in individuals facing these conditions.
• The outline includes introductions to Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.
• Exercise's impact on brain health and different considerations for testing and exercising, including individuals with anxiety and depression, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease are explored in detail.

Brain Health: Introduction

• Brain health is defined as the optimal functioning of behavioral and biological measures of the brain, along with subjective experiences arising from brain function.
• A 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Scientific Report emphasizes exercise's crucial role in influencing and impacting brain health.

Neurologic Conditions-Introduction, Types, and Symptoms

• Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease, anxiety and depression, autism spectrum disorder, concussion, cerebral palsy, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, intellectual disability and down syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease are listed as conditions
• Each condition involves distinct pathophysiology, symptoms, characteristics, and risk factors.
• Examples of symptoms include memory impairment, cognitive decline, emotional changes, and movement problems.

Alzheimer's Disease

• A progressive, irreversible brain disorder characterized by memory loss and declines in other cognitive functions.

• Genetic variants on chromosomes 21, 14, and 1 are implicated.

• Research shows higher rates of dementia in African Americans, American Indians, and Alaska Natives.

• Facts and figures for 2024 include the number of Americans living with Alzheimer's, deaths, costs, and caregiving burden.

• Risk factors - APOE-e4 is the primary risk gene. Additional factors, including type II diabetes and hypertension, also play a role in increasing risk.

Types of Dementia

• Four main types covered: Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, and vascular dementia.
• Each type involves different brain pathologies, leading to unique patterns of cognitive decline.

Exercise Considerations for Individuals with Neurologic Conditions

• General: Pre-exercise screening is crucial to understand the individual's safety.
• Alzheimer's Disease: Exercise can be beneficial, even in later stages, with considerations for intensity, duration, frequency, and potentially modifying exercise type based on the individual needs.
• Multiple Sclerosis: Exercise impacts bladder and bowel function, bone density, cardiovascular fitness, cognitive function, energy levels, flexibility, and mood.
• Anxiety/Depression: It's crucial to assess for medications prior to exercise, as some medications have negative effects on exercise and coordination. Considerations for the intensity, frequency, duration, type of exercise, and considerations for safety.
• Parkinson's Disease: Exercise significantly impacts motor and non-motor symptoms. Individualized programs and accommodations (such as gait belts and safety considerations) based on disease progression level are crucial. Recommendations for exercise types, intensity, frequency, duration, and the necessity for medical or other professionals involved in the exercise prescription.

Treatments for Neurologic Conditions

• Medications (glutamate regulators, cholinesterase inhibitors, glutamate regulators, Orexin receptor antagonists, atypical antipsychotics)
• Alternative Treatments (anti-amyloid treatments)

Multiple Sclerosis

• A chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), involving inflammation and demyelination.
• This leads to a wide range of symptoms, from sensory changes to mobility issues.
• The disease's progression is unpredictable
• Factors like genetics, environmental conditions, and infections may contribute to the risk
• Several factors may cause MS, including vitamin D levels, smoking, obesity, and the Epstein-Barr virus, human herpes virus-6, canine distemper, chlamydia pneumonia, and measles
• Symptoms can vary but include blurry vision, hearing loss, loss of taste/smell, numbness, depression, and personality changes among others.

Methods of Diagnosis for Multiple Sclerosis and Other Conditions

• Multiple Sclerosis: MRI scans, spinal fluid analysis, blood tests, evoked potentials (e.g., EEG) are used in diagnosis.
• Other conditions: Similar diagnostic methods are applicable, with adjustments for specific disease profiles.

FITT Recommendations

• There are specific recommendations related to frequency, intensity, time, type, and other exercise parameters.
• These recommendations are often customized to the specific individual based on the stage/severity of the condition.