Questions and Answers
What is the role of phosphodiesterases in the cAMP signaling pathway?
Converting cAMP to AMP
How does cAMP act as a second messenger in the cell?
By diffusing freely into the cytoplasm
What is the consequence of cAMP binding to PKA's regulatory subunits?
Release and activation of catalytic subunits
Which process is directly influenced by the phosphorylation mediated by cAMP/PKA?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main outcome of active PKA phosphorylating target proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)?
Signup and view all the answers
In the cyclic AMP signaling mechanism, what is the role of G-Proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the outcome of Protein Kinase A (PKA) activation in the cAMP signaling pathway?
Signup and view all the answers
How does cAMP signal termination occur in the cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of phosphorylation of target proteins by PKA in cellular responses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the major mechanism by which hormones bring about their effects on target tissues?
Signup and view all the answers
In the genomic mechanism of hormone action, the hormone-receptor complex binds to specific DNA sequences known as:
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of hormones bind to specific nuclear receptors within the target cell in the genomic mechanism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the final step in the genomic mechanism of hormone action after gene transcription and mRNA synthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of Protein Kinase A (PKA) activation in cellular responses to hormones?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main characteristic of non-genomic actions of hormones?
Signup and view all the answers
How do water-soluble hormones typically act on cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cellular response is NOT associated with non-genomic actions of hormones?
Signup and view all the answers
In cAMP signaling, what is the role of Protein Kinase A (PKA)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which process is directly involved in the termination of cAMP signaling?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the hypothalamus in regulating body temperature?
Signup and view all the answers
Which function is not attributed to the hypothalamus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of Growth Hormone (GH) in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which pathway describes the sequence of events in the regulation of GH release?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens when IGF-1 levels are elevated in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in the production of thyroid hormones?
Signup and view all the answers
How does elevated levels of T3 and T4 affect the release of TRH and TSH?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to GH secretion when growth plates close in adulthood?
Signup and view all the answers
How does excessive GH secretion during childhood and adolescence affect bone growth?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) released by the hypothalamus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of Prolactin?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormone is primarily responsible for boosting thyroid hormone production due to insufficient levels in the bloodstream?
Signup and view all the answers
What can low T3 and T4 levels lead to?
Signup and view all the answers
How are hormones typically transported through the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which gland produces Prolactin?
Signup and view all the answers
What regulates Prolactin levels in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What can elevated levels of prolactin outside of pregnancy and lactation be associated with?
Signup and view all the answers
What does TSH stand for in endocrine terminology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormones are typically monitored in diagnosing and managing thyroid disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of endocrinology as a specific study of hormones and endocrine organs?
Signup and view all the answers
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.