53 Questions
Which part of the nervous system is more restricted in its distribution?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Which type of fibers are part of the parasympathetic nervous system's general functions?
Preganglionic fibers
Where do the sacral outflow fibers provide innervation according to the text?
Descending colon and rectum
From where does Neuron #1 of the parasympathetic nervous system originate?
Brain stem or sacral spinal cord
Which organs are NOT reached by the parasympathetic nervous system according to the text?
Body wall and limbs
What neurotransmitter is produced and released by Neuron #2 in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
Where do preganglionic fibers synapse in the autonomic nervous system?
Prevertebral ganglia
Which structure is responsible for providing sympathetic innervation to the gastrointestinal tract?
Mesenteric ganglia
Which ganglia are primarily involved in the innervation of the abdominal organs?
Celiac ganglion
Where are the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia located?
Paravertebral ganglia
Which ganglia are found anterior to the vertebral bodies in the abdomen?
Prevertebral ganglia
Where are the preganglionic fibers located before they synapse in the autonomic nervous system?
Alongside the prevertebral ganglia
What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in relation to the bronchiolar diameter?
Constricting the bronchiolar diameter when oxygen demand decreases
Which branch of the nervous system is responsible for controlling the heart or myocardium?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Which function is NOT associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?
Dilation of blood vessels in the skin
What role does the parasympathetic nervous system play in vision?
Causing constriction of the pupil and contraction of the ciliary muscle
Which nervous system activity is crucial for digestion and nutrient absorption?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Which aspect of genital function is regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system?
Erection
Which nematode causing onchocerciasis is transmitted to humans through the bite of blackflies?
Onchocerca volvulus
What is a common symptom of Onchocerca volvulus infection?
Visual impairment and blindness
How is Onchocerca volvulus infection diagnosed?
Blood smear examination for microfilariae
What is the primary vector responsible for transmitting Onchocerca volvulus in endemic regions?
Blackflies
Which term best describes the study of helminths like Onchocerca volvulus?
Parasitology
What is the meaning of the Latin word 'nemat' in 'nematodes'?
Thread
Which region of a nematode's body contains the mouth with labial structures and denticles on the inner lips?
Head Region
What is the term used for the process where nematodes shed their outer cuticle to accommodate growth?
Ecdysis
In nematodes, what structures might be present along the body, including ridges, rings, or bristles?
Body Structure
Which system in nematodes has openings at both ends of the digestive tract?
Digestive System
What is the distinctive feature found at the tip of a nematode's tail region?
'Caudal Gland'
What is the typical lifespan of Onchocerca volvulus adults?
8-15 years
Which site is common for the migration of unsheathed microfilariae in Onchocerca volvulus infection?
Skin
What is the characteristic feature of skin nodules in Onchocerca volvulus infection?
Painless and firm
How is the diagnosis of Onchocerca volvulus infection confirmed from eye infections?
Slit-lamp exam for microfilariae or lesions
What is the purpose of a skin snip test in diagnosing Onchocerca volvulus infection?
To detect microfilariae under a microscope
Which lecture in the content provides an introduction to Helminths?
Introduction to Helminths (Nematodes)
What is the typical lifespan of Trichuris trichiura adults?
1 year 3 weeks
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with a light burden of Trichuris trichiura?
Nausea
How many eggs per day can one female Trichuris trichiura worm produce?
5,000 eggs
What is the main mode of transmission for Trichuris trichiura?
Foodborne
Which organ is mainly affected by heavy Trichuris trichiura infestation?
Colon
How can Trichuris trichiura infection be diagnosed?
Fecal smear for eggs
What is the characteristic feature of Ascaris lumbricoides adults?
Tapering at both ends
Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with Strongyloides stercoralis infection?
Dry Cough
How do hookworm larvae primarily penetrate the host's skin?
Direct skin penetration
Which helminth causes an intestinal inflammation that can extend to both small and large intestines?
Trichuris trichiura
How do threadworms (Necator americanus) primarily enter the human host?
Penetration through the skin
What distinguishes Trichuris trichiura adults from other helminths mentioned in the content?
Presence of an undulating membrane
What is a common symptom that may occur during the larval migration of Ascaris lumbricoides?
Wheezing and shortness of breath
Which diagnostic method is considered the gold-standard for detecting Ascaris lumbricoides infection?
Detection of knobby-coated eggs in stool
Where is Trichuris trichiura most commonly found in terms of age groups?
Children aged 2-9 years old
What is the characteristic feature of Trichuris trichiura eggs that allows them to survive up to 5 years in soil?
Thick, rough outer shell
Which symptom is more likely to be triggered by a febrile illness in individuals with Ascaris lumbricoides heavy burden infection?
Abdominal pain and malabsorption
In which region does Trichuris trichiura have a higher incidence, similar to Ascaris lumbricoides?
Areas with poor sanitation practices
Test your knowledge about the structures and functions of the autonomic nervous system, including the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Learn about the thoracolumbar flow, hypothalamus as the output driver, and Horner’s syndrome. Explore the Lecturio videos and reading assignments to enhance your understanding.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
