Brain and Nerve Cell Communication

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Questions and Answers

What are the four core principles of electrical signals within cells?

  • Depolarization, hyperpolarization, action potential, and resting potential (correct)
  • Excitatory, inhibitory, graded potential, and summation
  • Synthesis, packaging, release, and degradation
  • Voltage, current, resistance, and capacitance

Which type of synapse is specialized in location, structure, function, and target in the nervous system?

  • Tripartite synapse (Anterograde) (correct)
  • Axoaxonic synapse
  • Axosomatic synapse
  • Axodendritic synapse

Which of the following is NOT a variety of neurotransmitter?

  • Nitrogen transmitters (correct)
  • Small-molecule transmitters
  • Peptide transmitters
  • Lipid transmitters

What are the two main types of receptors involved in chemical synapses?

<p>Ionotropic receptors and metabotropic receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transmitter acts by binding to a receptor and directly opening an ion channel?

<p>Small-molecule transmitter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four core principles of electrical signals within cells?

<p>Transmitter synthesis, vesicular transport, release, and receptor interaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is known as the main excitatory transmitter?

<p>Glutamate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine?

<p>Acetylcholinesterase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis?

<p>Tyrosine hydroxylase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is synthesized from tyrosine and is a non-essential amino acid present in cheese and milk?

<p>Dopamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of neurotransmitters acts quickly and is synthesized from dietary nutrients?

<p>Small-molecule transmitters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

<p>GABA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of neurotransmitters acts slowly, are synthesized through translation of mRNA, and are not replaced quickly?

<p>Peptide transmitters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for neurons that transit via acetylcholine?

<p>Cholinergic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the set of electrodes small enough to place on or in an axon?

<p>Microelectrodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What device serves as a sensitive voltmeter and is used to record voltage changes on an axon?

<p>Oscilloscope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

<p>Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neurotransmitter is synthesized from tyrosine and is known as the 'feel-good' neurotransmitter?

<p>Dopamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of serotonin?

<p>Monoamine oxidase (MAO) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for neurons that transit via dopamine and are associated with reward and pleasure?

<p>Mesolimbic pathway neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the electrical charge across the cell membrane in the absence of stimulation?

<p>Resting potential (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for increasing the electrical charge across a membrane, making it more negative?

<p>Hyperpolarization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

<p>GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ion contributes to the decrease in electrical charge across a membrane, making it more positive?

<p>Sodium (Na+) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine?

<p>Acetylcholinesterase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is known as the main excitatory transmitter?

<p>Glutamate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is synthesized from tyrosine and is known as the 'feel-good' neurotransmitter?

<p>Dopamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What device serves as a sensitive voltmeter and is used to record voltage changes on an axon?

<p>Electrode (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are positively charged ions that can include sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+)?

<p>Cations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What movement of ions involves their diffusion from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through random motion?

<p>Simple diffusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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