Brain and Nerve Cell Communication
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Questions and Answers

What are the four core principles of electrical signals within cells?

  • Depolarization, hyperpolarization, action potential, and resting potential (correct)
  • Excitatory, inhibitory, graded potential, and summation
  • Synthesis, packaging, release, and degradation
  • Voltage, current, resistance, and capacitance
  • Which type of synapse is specialized in location, structure, function, and target in the nervous system?

  • Tripartite synapse (Anterograde) (correct)
  • Axoaxonic synapse
  • Axosomatic synapse
  • Axodendritic synapse
  • Which of the following is NOT a variety of neurotransmitter?

  • Nitrogen transmitters (correct)
  • Small-molecule transmitters
  • Peptide transmitters
  • Lipid transmitters
  • What are the two main types of receptors involved in chemical synapses?

    <p>Ionotropic receptors and metabotropic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transmitter acts by binding to a receptor and directly opening an ion channel?

    <p>Small-molecule transmitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four core principles of electrical signals within cells?

    <p>Transmitter synthesis, vesicular transport, release, and receptor interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is known as the main excitatory transmitter?

    <p>Glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine?

    <p>Acetylcholinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis?

    <p>Tyrosine hydroxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is synthesized from tyrosine and is a non-essential amino acid present in cheese and milk?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of neurotransmitters acts quickly and is synthesized from dietary nutrients?

    <p>Small-molecule transmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of neurotransmitters acts slowly, are synthesized through translation of mRNA, and are not replaced quickly?

    <p>Peptide transmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for neurons that transit via acetylcholine?

    <p>Cholinergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the set of electrodes small enough to place on or in an axon?

    <p>Microelectrodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What device serves as a sensitive voltmeter and is used to record voltage changes on an axon?

    <p>Oscilloscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

    <p>Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurotransmitter is synthesized from tyrosine and is known as the 'feel-good' neurotransmitter?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of serotonin?

    <p>Monoamine oxidase (MAO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for neurons that transit via dopamine and are associated with reward and pleasure?

    <p>Mesolimbic pathway neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the electrical charge across the cell membrane in the absence of stimulation?

    <p>Resting potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for increasing the electrical charge across a membrane, making it more negative?

    <p>Hyperpolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

    <p>GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion contributes to the decrease in electrical charge across a membrane, making it more positive?

    <p>Sodium (Na+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine?

    <p>Acetylcholinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is known as the main excitatory transmitter?

    <p>Glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is synthesized from tyrosine and is known as the 'feel-good' neurotransmitter?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What device serves as a sensitive voltmeter and is used to record voltage changes on an axon?

    <p>Electrode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are positively charged ions that can include sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+)?

    <p>Cations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement of ions involves their diffusion from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through random motion?

    <p>Simple diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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