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What is the name of the largest subarachnoid cistern?
What is the name of the largest subarachnoid cistern?
What is the name of the thin, sheet-like extensions of the superior cistern?
What is the name of the thin, sheet-like extensions of the superior cistern?
What is another name for the Prepontine cistern?
What is another name for the Prepontine cistern?
What is the name of the cistern located at the base of the brain, between the two temporal lobes?
What is the name of the cistern located at the base of the brain, between the two temporal lobes?
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What does the pia mater join with to form choroid plexuses?
What does the pia mater join with to form choroid plexuses?
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What are the subdivisions of the forebrain?
What are the subdivisions of the forebrain?
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Where does the insula lie?
Where does the insula lie?
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What is the circular sulcus that separates the insula from the surrounding cerebral cortex?
What is the circular sulcus that separates the insula from the surrounding cerebral cortex?
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What forms the superolateral wall of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?
What forms the superolateral wall of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?
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What are the components of the inferomedial wall of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?
What are the components of the inferomedial wall of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?
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What is the location of the collateral trigone in relation to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?
What is the location of the collateral trigone in relation to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?
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What are the two parts of the lentiform nucleus?
What are the two parts of the lentiform nucleus?
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Where is the head of the caudate nucleus located?
Where is the head of the caudate nucleus located?
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What separates the globus pallidus and putamen?
What separates the globus pallidus and putamen?
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What are the components of the Corpus striatum?
What are the components of the Corpus striatum?
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What makes up the Striatum?
What makes up the Striatum?
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What is the Rhinencephalon?
What is the Rhinencephalon?
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What is the Limen insulae?
What is the Limen insulae?
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What is the Anterior Perforated Substance?
What is the Anterior Perforated Substance?
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What is the posterior part of the insula characterized by?
What is the posterior part of the insula characterized by?
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What are the two parts of the Rhinencephalon?
What are the two parts of the Rhinencephalon?
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Where is the primary auditory cortex located?
Where is the primary auditory cortex located?
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What is the point where the body of the fornix is divided into two columnae fornicis?
What is the point where the body of the fornix is divided into two columnae fornicis?
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Where does the lateral part of the olfactory lobe terminate?
Where does the lateral part of the olfactory lobe terminate?
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What is the anterior part of the insula characterized by?
What is the anterior part of the insula characterized by?
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What is the extent of the central part of the lateral ventricles?
What is the extent of the central part of the lateral ventricles?
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What forms the roof of the lateral ventricle?
What forms the roof of the lateral ventricle?
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Where is the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle located?
Where is the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle located?
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What is the continuous structure behind the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle?
What is the continuous structure behind the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle?
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What is the structure that expands into the calcarine sulcus?
What is the structure that expands into the calcarine sulcus?
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What forms the floor of the lateral ventricle?
What forms the floor of the lateral ventricle?
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What is the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle located in?
What is the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle located in?
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What is the location of the anterior perforated substance?
What is the location of the anterior perforated substance?
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What are the components of the peripheral portion of the limbic lobe?
What are the components of the peripheral portion of the limbic lobe?
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What forms the body of the fornix?
What forms the body of the fornix?
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What are the components of the internal portion of the limbic lobe?
What are the components of the internal portion of the limbic lobe?
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What forms the anterior wall of the third ventricle?
What forms the anterior wall of the third ventricle?
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What is the origin of the fornix?
What is the origin of the fornix?
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Where does the fornix run along?
Where does the fornix run along?
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What are the components of the commissure of telencephalon?
What are the components of the commissure of telencephalon?
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Study Notes
Subarachnoid Spaces
- Triangular spaces are found in the sulci between the gyri, where the subarachnoid trabecular tissue is found.
- Subarachnoid cisternae are the wide intervals at the base of the brain.
- The largest of the subarachnoid cisterns is the Cerebellomedullary cistern (Cisterna magna).
Cisterns
- Pontine cistern is also known as Prepontine cistern or Cisterna pontis.
- Superior cistern is also known as Quadrigeminal cistern or Cistern of the great cerebral vein.
- Ambient cisterns are thin, sheet-like extensions of the superior cistern that extend laterally about the midbrain.
- Ambient cisterns connect to the Interpeduncular cistern.
- Interpeduncular cistern is located at the base of the brain, between the two temporal lobes of the brain.
Meninges
- Pia mater joins with the ependyma to form choroid plexuses, which produce cerebrospinal fluid.
- Pia mater attaches to the dura mater by the denticular ligaments through the arachnoid membrane in the spinal cord.
Brain Divisions
- The brain is divided into Forebrain (Prosencephalon), Midbrain (Mesencephalon), and Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon).
- The forebrain is subdivided into Telencephalon (Cerebrum) and Diencephalon.
- The hindbrain is subdivided into Metencephalon (pons and cerebellum) and Myelencephalon (medulla oblongata).
- The clinical divisions of the brain are Cerebrum (telencephalon, diencephalon), Cerebellum, and Brain stem (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata).
Insula
- The insula lies on the floor of the lateral cerebral fossa.
- The pole of the insula is directed forwards and laterally towards the lateral sulcus.
- The Limen insulae is a circular sulcus that forms the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle.
Lateral Ventricle
- The inferior horn of the lateral ventricle is located in the temporal lobe.
- The components of the inferomedial wall of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle are Collateral eminence, collateral sulcus, pes hippocampi, fimbria of the hippocampi, and choroid plexus.
- The superolateral wall of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle is formed by Tapetum, tail of the caudate nucleus, and stria terminalis.
- The collateral trigone is located between the inferior and posterior horn of the lateral ventricle.
Basal Ganglia
- The lentiform nucleus is divided into Putamen (lateral portion) and Globus pallidus (medial portion).
- The head of the caudate nucleus is located anteriorly in the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, forming its lateral wall.
- The body of the caudate nucleus is located above the thalamus, in the central part of the lateral ventricle.
- The tail of the caudate nucleus is located in the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle.
- The claustrum is located between the external and internal capsule.
- The amygdaloid body is located between the temporal pole of hemisphere and the inferior horn of lateral ventricle.
Corpus Striatum
- The corpus striatum is composed of the Lentiform nucleus and Caudate nucleus.
- The striatum is composed of the Caudate nucleus and Putamen.
- The pallidum is composed of the Globus pallidus.
Cortex
- The operculum is formed by the Temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes.
- The areas in the cortex are Motor area, Sensory area, Auditory area, Motor speech area, and Visual area.
- There are two auditory areas in the cortex: Primary auditory cortex (temporal lobe) and Auditory association cortex (temporal lobe).
- The sensory cortex is located in the Parietal lobe (Postcentral gyrus).
- The motor cortex is located in the Precentral gyrus in the Frontal lobe.
Rhinencephalon
- The Rhinencephalon is the oldest part of grey matter, located underneath the cerebellum.
- The Rhinencephalon is divided into Olfactory lobe (peripheral rhinencephalon) and Limbic lobe (central rhinencephalon).
- The components of the anterior part of the olfactory lobe are Olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, olfactory pyramid, medial and lateral olfactory striae.
- The middle part of the olfactory lobe terminates in the paraolfactory area (subcalosa), paraterminal gyrus, and septum lucidum.
- The intermediate part of the olfactory lobe terminates in the anterior perforated substance.
- The lateral part of the olfactory lobe terminates in the hippocampal gyrus in the uncus, passing through the limen of insula.
Fornix
- The body of the fornix is divided into two columnae fornicis at the beginning of the septum pellucidum.
- The columnae fornicis descend into the Hypothalamus, forming the anterior arch.
- The inferior part of the body of the fornix is divided into Part libera (free part) and Part tecta (hidden part) inside the hypothalamus.
- The fornix ends in the Mamillary body.
Ventricles
- The lateral ventricles are divided into four parts: Central part, Anterior horn, Posterior horn, and Inferior horn.
- The central part is located in the parietal lobe, above the thalamus, and beneath the corpus callosum.
- The anterior horn is located in the frontal lobe, continuous behind the interventricular foramen.
- The posterior horn is located in the occipital lobe.
- The inferior horn is located in the temporal lobe.
Other Structures
- The components of the commisure of telencephalon are Anterior commissura, Corpus callosum, and Fornix commissure.
- The central parts of the corpus callosum are Rostrum, Genu, Body (trunk), and Splenium.
- The lateral parts of the corpus callosum are Radiation (forceps minor and major).
- The origin of the fornix is the Fimbriae of the hippocampus.
- The fornix runs along the inferior margin of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle.
- The body of the fornix is formed by the Crura fornicis running anteriorly and medially behind the corpus callosum.
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Description
Explore the triangular spaces, subarachnoid cisterns, and their locations in the brain. Identify the largest cistern and learn about other notable cisterns.
