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Questions and Answers
This lobe is responsible for planning and executing volitional behavior.
This lobe is responsible for planning and executing volitional behavior.
This side of the temporal lobe appears to be important for the interpretation of complex nonverbal visual stimuli and for recognition and comprehension of nonverbal sounds, including receptive components of music.
This side of the temporal lobe appears to be important for the interpretation of complex nonverbal visual stimuli and for recognition and comprehension of nonverbal sounds, including receptive components of music.
This lobe is important for perception, integration, and mediation of touch, body awareness, and visuospatial information.
This lobe is important for perception, integration, and mediation of touch, body awareness, and visuospatial information.
Damage in the association cortex in either of these lobes typically disturbs position sense and causes various visuospatial impairments.
Damage in the association cortex in either of these lobes typically disturbs position sense and causes various visuospatial impairments.
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Damage in the association cortex adjacent to the visual cortex in either hemisphere typically causes visual agnosia and distorted visual perceptions
Damage in the association cortex adjacent to the visual cortex in either hemisphere typically causes visual agnosia and distorted visual perceptions
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Damage to the primary motor cortex causes weakness or paralysis of muscle groups on what side of the body?
Damage to the primary motor cortex causes weakness or paralysis of muscle groups on what side of the body?
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This portion of the temporal lobe appears to be important for pitch discrimination and separating an auditory signal from a noise background.
This portion of the temporal lobe appears to be important for pitch discrimination and separating an auditory signal from a noise background.
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Damage in the visual association cortex in what hemisphere usually causes severe reading impairment?
Damage in the visual association cortex in what hemisphere usually causes severe reading impairment?
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Damage to this part of the frontal lobes may cause a variety of impairments, including disturbed affect, attentional impairments, and difficulties initiating and maintaining behavior.
Damage to this part of the frontal lobes may cause a variety of impairments, including disturbed affect, attentional impairments, and difficulties initiating and maintaining behavior.
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What lobe is important for the perception and processing of auditory stimuli>
What lobe is important for the perception and processing of auditory stimuli>
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Responsible for initiating most, if not all, skilled volitional movement
Responsible for initiating most, if not all, skilled volitional movement
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This is a diffuse system of subcortical structures and pathway arising from diverse locations in the CNS (primarily the BG) and projecting to cranial and spinal nerves
This is a diffuse system of subcortical structures and pathway arising from diverse locations in the CNS (primarily the BG) and projecting to cranial and spinal nerves
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This system is responsible for balance and orientation of the body in space and for maintaining general states of attention and alertness
This system is responsible for balance and orientation of the body in space and for maintaining general states of attention and alertness
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A condition in which patients fail to recognize otherwise familiar stimuli in a sensory modality even though basic perception in that modality is preserved
A condition in which patients fail to recognize otherwise familiar stimuli in a sensory modality even though basic perception in that modality is preserved
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Difficulty in carrying out sequences of volitional movements in the absence of weakness, paralysis, sensory loss, or incoordination in the muscles used for the movements.
Difficulty in carrying out sequences of volitional movements in the absence of weakness, paralysis, sensory loss, or incoordination in the muscles used for the movements.
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This is the major source of blood to the brain.
This is the major source of blood to the brain.
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This artery supplies the upper and anterior frontal lobes and the anterior corpus callosum.
This artery supplies the upper and anterior frontal lobes and the anterior corpus callosum.
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This artery supplies the posterior frontal lobe, most of the parietal and temporal lobes, plus the thalamus and basal ganglia
This artery supplies the posterior frontal lobe, most of the parietal and temporal lobes, plus the thalamus and basal ganglia
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Damage to this artery affects the calcarine cortex (Primary visual), thalamus, upper midbrain, and hippocampus. It can cause visual impairments, low pain tolerance, coma, movement disorder, and memory deficits
Damage to this artery affects the calcarine cortex (Primary visual), thalamus, upper midbrain, and hippocampus. It can cause visual impairments, low pain tolerance, coma, movement disorder, and memory deficits
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This artery supplies the occipital lobe and the inferior temporal lobe.
This artery supplies the occipital lobe and the inferior temporal lobe.
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Damage to this artery can cause contralateral sensorimotor deficits, visual deficits, aphasia, apraxia, cognitive deficits
Damage to this artery can cause contralateral sensorimotor deficits, visual deficits, aphasia, apraxia, cognitive deficits
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Ischemic is the most common form of stroke.
Ischemic is the most common form of stroke.
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This structure supplies blood to the entire brain via cortical and central arteries. It provides collateral blood flow, equalizes pressure, and redundancy in case of occlusion
This structure supplies blood to the entire brain via cortical and central arteries. It provides collateral blood flow, equalizes pressure, and redundancy in case of occlusion
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How can the blood brain barrier be broken down?
How can the blood brain barrier be broken down?
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This artery supplies blood to the facial muscles, forehead, and oral, nasal, orbital cavities
This artery supplies blood to the facial muscles, forehead, and oral, nasal, orbital cavities
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What are 3 acute-onset diseases that can stabilize and improve over time?
What are 3 acute-onset diseases that can stabilize and improve over time?
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Nearly 50% of patients demonstrate cognitive impairments over time (memory, sustained attention, processing speed) with language difficulties being less common.
Nearly 50% of patients demonstrate cognitive impairments over time (memory, sustained attention, processing speed) with language difficulties being less common.
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What is the most frequent cause of dementia?
What is the most frequent cause of dementia?
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This progressive disease is caused by deterioration of dopamine-producing neurons in the BG (substantia nigra) and brainstem. Symptoms include resting tremors, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and postural instability.
This progressive disease is caused by deterioration of dopamine-producing neurons in the BG (substantia nigra) and brainstem. Symptoms include resting tremors, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and postural instability.
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In the United States, what disease is second to Alzheimer's disease as a cause of dementia?
In the United States, what disease is second to Alzheimer's disease as a cause of dementia?
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Study Notes
Frontal Lobe
- Responsible for planning and executing volitional behavior
- Damage to the association cortex in the frontal lobes can disrupt position sense, cause visuospatial impairments, and affect affect, attention, behavior initiation, and maintenance
Temporal Lobe
- The left temporal lobe is important for language comprehension
- The right temporal lobe is important for interpreting complex nonverbal visuals and sounds
- Damage to the temporal lobe association cortex can cause visual agnosia and distorted visual perceptions
Parietal Lobe
- Important for perception, integration, and mediation of touch, body awareness, and visuospatial information
- Damage to the association cortex in the parietal lobe can disrupt position sense and cause visuospatial impairments
Motor Cortex
- Responsible for initiating most, if not all, skilled volitional movement
- Damage to the primary motor cortex causes weakness or paralysis of muscle groups on the contralateral side of the body
Visual Cortex
- Damage to the visual association cortex in the left hemisphere usually causes severe reading impairment
Cerebellum
- This is a diffuse system of subcortical structures and pathway arising from diverse locations in the CNS (primarily the BG) and projecting to cranial and spinal nerves
- Responsible for balance and orientation of the body in space and for maintaining general states of attention and alertness
Agnosia
- A condition in which patients fail to recognize otherwise familiar stimuli in a sensory modality even though basic perception in that modality is preserved
Apraxia
- Difficulty in carrying out sequences of volitional movements in the absence of weakness, paralysis, sensory loss, or incoordination in the muscles used for the movements
Circle of Willis
- This is the major source of blood to the brain
- It provides collateral blood flow, equalizes pressure, and redundancy in case of occlusion
- The circle of Willis supplies blood to the entire brain via cortical and central arteries
Anterior Cerebral Artery
- Supplies the upper and anterior frontal lobes and the anterior corpus callosum
- Damage can cause contralateral lower limb weakness or paralysis
Middle Cerebral Artery
- Supplies the posterior frontal lobe, most of the parietal and temporal lobes, plus the thalamus and basal ganglia
- Damage can cause contralateral upper limb weakness or paralysis, impaired sensation, and aphasia (if left hemisphere is affected)
Posterior Cerebral Artery
- Supplies the occipital lobe and the inferior temporal lobe
- Damage can cause visual deficits, contralateral sensorimotor deficits, aphasia, apraxia, and cognitive deficits
Internal Carotid Artery
- Supplies blood to the brain via the anterior and middle cerebral arteries
Vertebral and Basilar Arteries
- Supplies blood to the brain via the posterior cerebral artery and other arteries
Blood Brain Barrier
- Can be broken down by:
- Hypertension
- Inflammation
- Trauma
- Ischemia
External Carotid Artery
- Supplies blood to the facial muscles, forehead, and oral, nasal, orbital cavities
Acute-Onset Neurological Diseases
- Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)
- Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Dementia
- Nearly 50% of patients demonstrate cognitive impairments over time (memory, sustained attention, processing speed) with language difficulties being less common
- Most frequent cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
- Progressive disease caused by deterioration of dopamine-producing neurons in the BG (substantia nigra) and brainstem
- Symptoms include resting tremors, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and postural instability
- Second most frequent cause of dementia in the United States
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on the brain's lobes, particularly focusing on the lobe responsible for planning and executing voluntary actions. This quiz will assess your understanding of the brain's functional regions and their roles in behavior.
