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Questions and Answers
How many regions make up the brain stem?
How many regions make up the brain stem?
3
Which area of the brain stem is in contact with the spinal cord?
Which area of the brain stem is in contact with the spinal cord?
Medulla oblongata
Which region contains the corpora quadrigemina?
Which region contains the corpora quadrigemina?
Midbrain
Which ventricle is located within the brain stem?
Which ventricle is located within the brain stem?
The foramen magnum marks the border between the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
The foramen magnum marks the border between the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
The inferior colliculi are part of the corpora quadrigemina.
The inferior colliculi are part of the corpora quadrigemina.
How many major regions are contained within the diencephalon?
How many major regions are contained within the diencephalon?
Which part of the diencephalon is connected to the pituitary gland?
Which part of the diencephalon is connected to the pituitary gland?
Which region acts as a relay center for sensory messages ascending to the cerebrum?
Which region acts as a relay center for sensory messages ascending to the cerebrum?
Which region of the diencephalon contains the pineal body?
Which region of the diencephalon contains the pineal body?
The pineal body secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH).
The pineal body secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH).
The diencephalon is found in between the brain stem and the cerebrum.
The diencephalon is found in between the brain stem and the cerebrum.
Identify cranial nerve I.
Identify cranial nerve I.
Which area takes visual information from one side of the body and conveys it to the opposite side?
Which area takes visual information from one side of the body and conveys it to the opposite side?
Which of the following structures is not part of the central nervous system? Optic nerve, Mammillary body, Optic chiasm, Optic tract.
Which of the following structures is not part of the central nervous system? Optic nerve, Mammillary body, Optic chiasm, Optic tract.
Which gland can be observed on the ventral surface of the sheep brain?
Which gland can be observed on the ventral surface of the sheep brain?
Which structures attach the pituitary gland to the brain?
Which structures attach the pituitary gland to the brain?
All three regions of the brain stem can be observed on the ventral surface of the brain.
All three regions of the brain stem can be observed on the ventral surface of the brain.
The cerebellum is present on the ventral surface of the sheep brain.
The cerebellum is present on the ventral surface of the sheep brain.
Name the membranous encasement surrounding the brain.
Name the membranous encasement surrounding the brain.
Which of the following regions cannot be observed superficially? Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Longitudinal fissure, Diencephalon.
Which of the following regions cannot be observed superficially? Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Longitudinal fissure, Diencephalon.
Which region of the brain contains gyri and sulci?
Which region of the brain contains gyri and sulci?
Which landmarks separate the cerebrum from the cerebellum?
Which landmarks separate the cerebrum from the cerebellum?
Which landmarks divides the cerebrum in half?
Which landmarks divides the cerebrum in half?
The meninges consist of ___ layers.
The meninges consist of ___ layers.
Which of the following is the outer layer of the meninges?
Which of the following is the outer layer of the meninges?
What structure connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres?
What structure connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres?
Which of the following areas form the central core of the brain?
Which of the following areas form the central core of the brain?
Where is the arbor vitae located?
Where is the arbor vitae located?
What part of the corpora quadrigemina is clearly observed in a midsagittal section?
What part of the corpora quadrigemina is clearly observed in a midsagittal section?
Which region of the brain is necessary for consciousness?
Which region of the brain is necessary for consciousness?
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Study Notes
Brain Stem
- Comprises 3 regions: midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
- Medulla oblongata is continuous with the spinal cord at the foramen magnum.
- Midbrain features corpora quadrigemina located on its posterior surface.
- Fourth ventricle found anterior to the cerebellum, connects to the third ventricle and central canal.
- Foramen magnum defines boundary between medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
- Inferior colliculi are components of the corpora quadrigemina.
Diencephalon
- Contains 3 major regions: thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus.
- Hypothalamus connects to the pituitary gland via the infundibulum.
- Thalamus serves as a relay center for sensory messages to the cerebrum.
- Epithalamus houses the pineal body.
- Diencephalon positioned between the brain stem and cerebrum.
Cranial Nerves and Visual Pathways
- Cranial nerve I is the olfactory nerve.
- Optic chiasm is where optic nerves cross, facilitating cross-processing of visual information.
- Optic nerve is not part of the central nervous system.
Brain Surface Structures
- Pituitary gland observed on the ventral surface of the sheep brain.
- Infundibulum attaches the pituitary gland to the brain.
- All brain stem regions visible on the ventral surface, while cerebellum is not.
Meninges
- Consists of 3 layers: dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.
- Dura mater is the outermost layer enveloping the brain.
Cerebrum
- Features gyri and sulci; divided by longitudinal fissure into right and left hemispheres.
- Corpus callosum connects the hemispheres.
- Required for consciousness, essential for higher brain functions.
- Arbor vitae found within the cerebellum.
Brain Landmarks
- Transverse fissure separates cerebrum from cerebellum.
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