Brain Anatomy and Functions

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the CSF in the brain?

To create an environment for the proper functioning of the brain (correct)

To regulate body temperature

To provide structural support to the brain

To transmit impulses to and from the cortical nerve cells

What is the thicker part of the cerebral cortex?

At the parietal lobe

At the motor area (correct)

At the temporal lobe

At the occipital pole

What is the name of the large commissure that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?

Central sulcus

Longitudinal fissure

Corpus callosum (correct)

Parieto-occipital sulcus

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Sensory cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cavity containing CSF within each hemisphere of the cerebrum?

Lateral ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the gyri in the brain?

To assist in location of certain functional areas of the brain Signup and view all the answers

How many lobes does the cerebrum consist of?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Visual cortex Signup and view all the answers

Where is grey matter found in the cerebrum?

In the cerebral cortex or nuclei Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the axons of neurons in the brain?

To form fibre tracts and fascicles Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between cranial nerves and spinal nerves?

Cranial nerves can be motor, sensory or autonomic, while spinal nerves are motor and sensory Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ganglia in the peripheral nervous system?

To house the cell bodies of neurons Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of spinal nerves are found in the human body?

31 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the brain that connects to the spinal cord?

Brain stem Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?

To connect the CNS to the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cell bodies of neurons in the CNS?

Nuclei Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of grey matter in the spinal cord?

In the “H” shaped area Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sensory neurons in the spinal cord?

To transmit sensory signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the lowest part of the spinal cord?

Conus medullaris Signup and view all the answers

How many spinal cord segments are in the cervical region?

8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of interneurons in the spinal cord?

To integrate sensory and motor signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of white matter in the spinal cord?

In the white columns Signup and view all the answers

Where do the spinal cord and spinal nerves connect?

In the cauda equina Signup and view all the answers

What is the material that lines the superior and inferior aspects of the vertebral body?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Ventricular System?

To produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the meninges?

Cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

To cushion the brain and absorb shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Cranial Nerves?

To transmit sensory information from the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Neuroglial cells?

To provide structural support for neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the Ventricular System?

In the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Dura Mater?

To provide structural support for the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Pia Mater?

To provide structural support for the brain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sutures is formed by the articulation of the two parietal bones in the midline?

Sagittal suture Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the point where the sagittal and coronal sutures meet?

Bregma Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sutures and fontanelles in the newborn skull?

To enable the bones of the skull to overlap during birth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cranial fossae is located at the anterior part of the cranial base?

Anterior cranial fossa Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the membrane that adheres to the brain and is one of the three protective covers of the brain?

Pia mater Signup and view all the answers

By what age does the anterior fontanelle typically close?

18 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the suture that forms the boundary between the frontal and parietal bones?

Coronal suture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is particularly thin and overlies the anterior division of the middle meningeal artery?

Parietal bone Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Brain and Central Nervous System (CNS)

The brain creates an environment for proper functioning through the CSF.
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, consisting of two hemispheres separated by a median cleft or longitudinal fissure.
Each hemisphere contains an irregular cavity containing CSF, known as the lateral ventricle.
The two hemispheres are connected by a large commissure called the corpus callosum.

Structure of the Cerebrum

The cerebrum is composed of grey matter (cortex) and white matter (internally).
The surface of the hemispheres show numerous convolutions (gyri) and fissures (sulci) of varying depth.
The cortex is not uniform in thickness, being thickest in the motor area and thinnest at the occipital pole.

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebrum is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.
The frontal lobe is responsible for higher intellect, personality, mood, speech, and motor cortex.
The parietal lobe is responsible for the sensory cortex.
The temporal lobe is responsible for memory and language, as well as hearing.
The occipital lobe is responsible for the visual cortex.

Sulci and Gyri

The gyri assist in locating certain functional areas of the brain.
The central sulcus is a prominent sulcus on the superolateral surface.
The lateral sulcus is a deep sulcus on the lateral surface.
The parieto-occipital sulcus is a sulcus on the medial surface.

Grey Matter and White Matter in the Nervous System (NS)

In the CNS, the cell bodies of neurons are found in the grey matter, while the axons are seen as white matter.
In the PNS, the cell bodies are found in ganglia, and the axons are seen as nerves.
Grey matter is found in the cerebral cortex or nuclei.
White matter is found in fibre tracts that run in bundles or fascicles.

Cranial Meninges

The cranial meninges consist of three layers: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
The dura mater is a durable, double-layered protective cover.
The arachnoid mater intervenes between the pia mater and dura mater.
The pia mater is adherent to the brain.

Nervous System (NS) Functionality

The NS is functionally organized into the CNS and PNS.
The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
The PNS consists of somatic sensory, somatic motor, sympathetic, and parasympathetic systems.

Cellular Architecture of the NS

The two main types of cells in the NS are neurons and neuroglial cells.
Neurons are responsible for transmitting information, while neuroglial cells provide support and maintenance.
Structures found in the NS include blood vessels, ventricular systems, and meninges.

Organization of the NS

The NS is organized into the CNS and PNS.
The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
The PNS consists of somatic sensory, somatic motor, sympathetic, and parasympathetic systems.

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Test your knowledge of the brain's structure and functions, including the CSF, cerebral cortex, parietal lobe, and more.