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Questions and Answers
_______ is a condition characterized by paralysis or weakness of the arm due to injury of the upper group of the arm's main nerves.
Erb's Palsy
The main nerves affected in Erb's Palsy are part of the _______ in the upper limb.
brachial plexus
________ is a type of injury that can lead to Erb's Palsy.
brachial plexus injuries
_______ is a common site for brachial plexus injuries to occur.
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The main symptoms of Erb's Palsy include arm _______ and weakness.
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Treatment for Erb's Palsy may involve _______ therapy.
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In severe cases, Erb's Palsy may result in _______ of the affected limb.
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_______ section is sometimes recommended to prevent Erb's Palsy during childbirth.
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________ is a concept related to Erb's Palsy that involves weight gain during pregnancy.
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_______ can play a role in the rehabilitation of Erb's Palsy.
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Study Notes
Brachial Plexus Anatomy
- A complex network supplying nerves to the upper limb, originating from cervical spinal nerves C5, C6, C7, C8, and thoracic spinal nerve T1.
- Comprised of anterior rami of spinal nerves that split into anterior and posterior branches.
- Roots of the plexus travel between the anterior and medial scalene muscles to enter the neck.
Trunks and Divisions
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Trunks: Three trunks formed at the neck's base:
- Superior trunk: C5 and C6 roots.
- Middle trunk: Continuation of C7.
- Inferior trunk: C8 and T1 roots.
- Divisions: Each trunk divides into anterior (front of body) and posterior (back of body) divisions.
Cords and Major Branches
- Cords form in the axilla from the anterior and posterior divisions:
- Lateral cord: Anterior divisions of superior & middle trunks.
- Posterior cord: Posterior divisions of all trunks.
- Medial cord: Anterior division of the inferior trunk.
- Major branches include:
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- Axillary nerve
- Median nerve
- Radial nerve
- Ulnar nerve
Erb's Palsy
- Characterized by muscle weakness in the arm or shoulder, often linked to birth injuries.
- Common in infants due to shoulder injury during delivery from excessive pulling by healthcare providers.
- Adult cases may arise from motor vehicle accidents, gunshot wounds, or sports injuries.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Birth-related causes include:
- Forceful shoulder pulling during delivery.
- Long labor, large baby size, and maternal factors (e.g., diabetes, excessive weight).
- Other injury causes: Surgical complications and tumors.
Signs and Symptoms
- Numbness in shoulder, arm, and wrist.
- Weakness in grasping or holding objects.
- Possible complete or partial motor paralysis leading to "waiter’s tip" arm positioning.
Diagnosis
- Assessments include:
- Medical history and physical examination.
- Neurological examination.
- Imaging studies: MRI, X-rays, CT scans.
- Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS).
Treatment Options
- Rehabilitation methods:
- Physiotherapy and hydrotherapy.
- Occupational therapy.
- Surgical intervention in severe cases.
- Botulinum toxin injections to alleviate contractures.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the brachial plexus and understanding of Erb's Palsy, including causes, risk factors, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Explore the network of nerve fibers supplying the upper limb and learn about cervical spinal nerves C5, C6 involved in forming the plexus.
