Untitled Quiz

Week 11: Professional Development I

• Module 11 covers Nursing Theories, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
• A land acknowledgement is included, recognizing the Mohawk Nation, Haudenosaunee Confederacy, and the treaties governing the territories on which the college campuses are situated

Agenda

• Housekeeping: Review of questions from previous week
• Learning Outcomes: Define key terms, describe selected nursing theories and frameworks, identify common components of nursing theories, describe the purpose of research in nursing, define introductory research concepts, understand research involvement for the nursing profession, explain the need for evidence in decision-making, describe evidence-based practice and nursing research in relation to quality improvement, describe sources of evidence suitable for nursing practice, investigate a practice question suitable for nursing research, review best practice guidelines to evaluate research, and suggest the best clinical practice
• Nursing Theory & Research: Defining nursing theory terms
• Evidence-Based Practice: Discussion of library presentation about evidence-informed practice, CRAAP test, and researching evidence
• Coming Up: Information and assignments for the next module and upcoming final exam
• Questions: Time for questions

Nursing Theory Terms

• Concept: An idea or notion
• Conceptual Model: A group of related concepts that show relationships among them
• Framework: A basic structure for developing theories, used as a context to understand theory
• Metaparadigm: The concepts that define the domain of a discipline and include—person, environment, health, and nursing care

Nursing Theory

• Nursing theory aims to organize knowledge about nursing to allow nurses to use it professionally and accountably
• It's useful because it provides a systematic way to explain, predict, and prescribe phenomena
• Improves perspectives for viewing patient situations, organizing data, and analyzing & interpreting information

Nursing Theory - Major Types & Models

• Grand Theories: Global frameworks encompassing human behavior & nursing science; provide structural frameworks for broad ideas but not specific interventions
• Middle Range Theories: Less abstract; address specific concepts and practice in different nursing fields.
• Descriptive Theories: Describe phenomena, why they occur, their consequences, how to explain and predict nursing situations
• Prescriptive Theories: Address interventions and consequences; guide research and intervention development
• Practice-Based Theories: Guide and shape practice (e.g., Florence Nightingale Model, McGill Model)
• Needs Theories: Conceptualize the patient in terms of needs (e.g., Maslow's Hierarchy, Henderson Model, Orem Self-Care Theory)
• Interactionist Theories: Focus on relationships between nurses and patients (e.g., Hildegard Peplau, Joyce Travelbee, Evelyn Adam)
• Systems Theories: Accounts for whole entities (systems) and parts (subsystems) and complex interconnections (e.g., Dorothy Johnson, Betty Neuman, Sister Callista Roy)
• Simultaneity Theories: A distinct approach articulating an understanding of the client of nursing and the role of the nurse (e.g., Martha Rogers, Rosemarie Parse, Jean Watson)

The Nursing Process

• The nursing process results from the problem-solving approach
• Traditionally involves assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation.
• Steps represent distinct applications of general nursing knowledge for nurse-patient situations
• The current nursing process includes "Diagnosis" formally (ADPIE)
• The nursing process is widely applicable and useful in modern practice
• Includes elements of critical thinking and multiple ways of knowing, like intuitive judgment and conscious thinking

Researching the Evidence

• Asking the Clinical Question: Develop clear clinical research questions relevant to practice

• Examples: "What is the best cleaner for hygiene?" or "How can falls be prevented in a post-op unit?"

• The PICO Question: (Quantitative) A format: Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome to produce focused research questions for best quality resources

• The PS Question: (Qualitative) A format: Population, Situation, to focus on context and experiences, suitable for questions about experiences and meanings instead of outcomes and quantitative interventions

• Collecting Best Evidence: Find evidence using various sources like agency policies, practice guidelines, and databases.

• Relevant databases: Medical database, CINAHL

• Critique the Evidence: Essential competency for evidence-informed practice. Evaluate the value of the empirical literature. Use the CRAAP test to determine literature quality

• The CRAAP Test: A method to evaluate the credibility of sources, with 5 criteria: Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose.

• Integrating the Evidence: Apply research to care plans, use findings as rationales for intervention decisions.

• Evaluating the Outcome: Assess intervention effectiveness, evaluate clinical decisions in practice settings

• Disseminating the Outcome: If results are positive, improve care practices on a larger scale, and share the results among other nurses