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Boxer Codex and British Occupation of Philippines Quiz
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Boxer Codex and British Occupation of Philippines Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does Tolstoy believe 'universal' art must conform to?

  • Historical standards
  • Moral and social standards (correct)
  • Aesthetic standards
  • Personal preferences
  • According to Tolstoy, what must 'good' art communicate?

  • Humor and satire
  • Religious experiences (correct)
  • Political messages
  • Aesthetic experiences
  • Which of the following is NOT considered as an example of 'good' art by Tolstoy?

  • The novels of Dostoyevsky
  • The comedies of Molière
  • The poetry of Baudelaire (correct)
  • The music of Bach
  • What does Tolstoy argue is the ultimate aim of art?

    <p>To conform to religious standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Tolstoy's concept of 'universal' art affirm?

    <p>'Universal' art is relevant to everyone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may Tolstoy's viewpoint on art being 'good' if it communicates religious experience be disputed?

    <p>'Good' art can also be secular in nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did some methods of applying ink involve a sharpened object on a stick?

    <p>Tapping the ink into the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method mentioned for applying tattoos in the text?

    <p>Pricking the skin and applying black powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who has recently produced an edition of the modern translation of the Boxer Codex?

    <p>Ma. Luisa Garcia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did Quirino work closely with Boxer during the production of the original undertaking of the project?

    <p>1960s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are some historians speculated to have sponsored the creation of the Boxer Codex?

    <p>A Spanish soldier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material were Bisayans known to use for painting their bodies with tattoos?

    <p>Brass rods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do women wear as jewelry according to the text?

    <p>Bulaganes and bahandines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the head or skull to the natives of Zambales?

    <p>Represents the number of men they have killed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the natives of Zambales display their bravery and honor?

    <p>By inflicting cruelties and killing more men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the practice of removing heads represent to the Zambales natives?

    <p>Treasured property and trophies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of dressing the head in a crown pattern with a bararao according to the text?

    <p>To suck out the brains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the person with the most trophies considered the bravest among the Zambales natives?

    <p>Because they have inflicted more cruelties and killed more men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do women in the text differ in dress from the Bisayans?

    <p>They do not wear their dress skin-tight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material are the small mantles carried over the dress made of?

    <p>Damask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the Visayan Noble couple's waistbands differ from the Naturales Tagalos Noble couple's?

    <p>The Visayan couple's waistbands have cord weights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do women carry much gold jewelry according to the text?

    <p>To show off their wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chains do women wear around their necks in the text?

    <p>Golden chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the headdress (putong) worn by some people in the text described?

    <p>Thin cloth wrapped around head once with a knot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who ended up buying the Manila Manuscript, which later became known as the Boxer Codex?

    <p>Professor Charles Ralph Boxer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one consequence of the Blitz bombing of Britain in 1940 for the Earl of Ilchester?

    <p>He had to auction off his heirlooms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical event led to a massive sacking of academic and historical materials in Manila and Cavite?

    <p>World War II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was the Boxer Codex housed during the late 16th-century?

    <p>In Spain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the manuscript, later known as the Boxer Codex, primarily depict?

    <p>Superstitions and norms of the Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual played a crucial role in making the Manila Manuscript accessible to scholars and historians?

    <p>Professor Charles Ralph Boxer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tolstoy's Aesthetic Theory

    • Tolstoy excludes many forms of art from what he considers to be "universal" art, as he believes that "universal" art must conform to standards that are not strictly aesthetic, but moral and social.
    • He excludes many forms of art from what he considers to be "good" art, because he believes that "good" art must communicate some form of religious experience.
    • Examples of "good" art, according to Tolstoy, include the music of Bach and Mozart, the comedies of Molière, the poetry of Goethe and Hugo, and the novels of Dickens and Dostoyevsky.
    • Examples of "bad" art, according to Tolstoy, include the poetry of Baudelaire and Mallarmé, the plays of Ibsen, and the music of Wagner and Liszt.

    The Boxer Codex

    • The Boxer Codex is a 307-page manuscript that contains colored drawings, superstitions, norms, and descriptions of flora and fauna in the Philippines.
    • The manuscript was created in the 16th century and is a valuable resource for understanding the culture and history of the Philippines during that time.
    • The Boxer Codex was originally owned by the Earl of Ilchester, but was later sold to Professor Charles Ralph Boxer, who made it accessible to scholars and historians.
    • The manuscript is now housed at the Lilly Library of Indiana University, where it can be viewed online.

    Tattooing and Body Decoration in the Philippines

    • In the 16th century, Filipinos, particularly the Bisayans, were known to paint their bodies with elegant tattoos using iron or brass rods heated on fire.
    • The tattoos were done in the manner of illuminations, covering all parts of the body, including the chest, stomach, legs, arms, shoulders, hands, and muscles.
    • Some individuals also had tattoos on their posteriors.
    • The Bisayans and other Filipinos also wore gold jewelry, including bracelets, chains, and headdresses, which were considered valuable and prestigious.

    Clothing and Accessories in the Philippines

    • The dress of the women in the Philippines was not as neat nor as elegant as that of the Bisayans, who wore cotton or taffeta mantles around the body with very little polish.
    • Women wore jackets and skirts in the same way as the Bisayans, but also wore their dress skin-tight, gathering it at the waist and breast because they used no chemise or stockings.
    • They also wore small mantles over their dress, which reached to the waist, and were made of colored cotton, satin, taffeta, and damask obtained from China.
    • Visayan Noble couples wore gold-embellished clothing, including shimmering sashes with ornate repousse buckles, while Naturales Tagalos wore many golden chains around the neck.

    Hunting Practices in Zambales

    • In Zambales, the natives had a custom of removing the head of their enemies and incising it in a crown pattern with a bararao, and sucking the brains out.
    • They then saved the head or skull as treasured property and trophy, representing the number of men they had killed, and the more men they had killed and the more cruelties they had inflicted, the greater their honor.
    • The person who had the most trophies became the most feared, and was thus considered the bravest and most courageous.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the Boxer Codex, a 307-page manuscript with colored drawings and descriptions of flora and fauna, and its connection to a British Peer, World War II, a historian, and the Philippines. Explore the historical significance of the Boxer Codex and the British occupation of the Philippines during World War II.

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