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Questions and Answers
What political system was created during the Habsburg government in New Spain?
What political system was created during the Habsburg government in New Spain?
Who took power in Spain after King Charles II of Habsburg?
Who took power in Spain after King Charles II of Habsburg?
What did King Charles III of Bourbon aim to modernize?
What did King Charles III of Bourbon aim to modernize?
What significant event occurred in 1700 regarding the Spanish monarchy?
What significant event occurred in 1700 regarding the Spanish monarchy?
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Which monarch initiated the Bourbon line of kings in Spain?
Which monarch initiated the Bourbon line of kings in Spain?
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What was one of the reasons for the Bourbon Reforms?
What was one of the reasons for the Bourbon Reforms?
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What kind of ideas influenced King Charles III of Bourbon in his reforms?
What kind of ideas influenced King Charles III of Bourbon in his reforms?
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Which royal family ruled New Spain before the Bourbons?
Which royal family ruled New Spain before the Bourbons?
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What was a primary goal of the Bourbon Reforms?
What was a primary goal of the Bourbon Reforms?
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Which strategy did the Bourbons use to make the silver mining industry more productive in New Spain?
Which strategy did the Bourbons use to make the silver mining industry more productive in New Spain?
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What was one of the main issues faced by the imperial fleet system in New Granada?
What was one of the main issues faced by the imperial fleet system in New Granada?
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How did the Bourbons' attempts to control trade in New Granada primarily fail?
How did the Bourbons' attempts to control trade in New Granada primarily fail?
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What significant economic change occurred in New Spain from 1750 onward?
What significant economic change occurred in New Spain from 1750 onward?
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What was one of the primary goals of the Bourbon Reforms?
What was one of the primary goals of the Bourbon Reforms?
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What was one consequence of the Bourbon Reforms in New Granada?
What was one consequence of the Bourbon Reforms in New Granada?
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How were territories organized under the Bourbon Reforms?
How were territories organized under the Bourbon Reforms?
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The focus of the Bourbon Reforms largely shifted towards which industry in New Spain?
The focus of the Bourbon Reforms largely shifted towards which industry in New Spain?
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What significant change occurred in the military structure following the Bourbon Reforms?
What significant change occurred in the military structure following the Bourbon Reforms?
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What was an attempt made by the Bourbons to regain control over transatlantic trade?
What was an attempt made by the Bourbons to regain control over transatlantic trade?
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What was a consequence of the displacement of criollos from their positions of power?
What was a consequence of the displacement of criollos from their positions of power?
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What impact did the Bourbon Reforms have on trade in New Spain?
What impact did the Bourbon Reforms have on trade in New Spain?
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What event in 1631 impacted trade with Peru?
What event in 1631 impacted trade with Peru?
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What major issue arose for Spain in 1700 following the death of Charles II?
What major issue arose for Spain in 1700 following the death of Charles II?
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Which two houses were primarily involved in the struggle for the Spanish throne after Charles II's death?
Which two houses were primarily involved in the struggle for the Spanish throne after Charles II's death?
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What was the outcome of the War of the Spanish Succession from 1701 to 1714?
What was the outcome of the War of the Spanish Succession from 1701 to 1714?
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What were the Bourbon Reforms intended to achieve in the Spanish colonies?
What were the Bourbon Reforms intended to achieve in the Spanish colonies?
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Who was sent to New Spain to implement the Bourbon Reforms in 1765?
Who was sent to New Spain to implement the Bourbon Reforms in 1765?
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What key aspect did the Bourbon Reforms emphasize in relation to the Crown?
What key aspect did the Bourbon Reforms emphasize in relation to the Crown?
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What was a significant consequence of the decline of Spain's naval power by 1620?
What was a significant consequence of the decline of Spain's naval power by 1620?
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Study Notes
Introduction
- Habsburgs ruled New Spain from 1521 to 1700
- Bourbon dynasty, of French origin, took over after Charles II's death
- Patrimonialist system emerged under Habsburgs
- Public offices were bought
- Officials imposed taxes
- Monopolies were developed and protected
- Corruption was used to evade Crown control
Bourbon Reforms
- King Charles III implemented reforms influenced by the Enlightenment
- Reforms aimed at modernization of Spain and its colonies
- Goal was to reclaim rights delegated to groups and corporations
- Reforms included political-administrative, economic, military, and cultural changes
Latin America and Bourbon Reforms
- Charles IV, the last Habsburg King of Spain, died in 1700
- Philip, Louis XIV's grandson, became the Spanish King, starting the Bourbon line
- Spanish Empire in the Americas had declined in profitability before Bourbon rule
- Bourbon reforms aimed to make the empire profitable again
Goals of Bourbon Reforms
- End smuggling
- Regain control of transatlantic trade
- Modernize the taxing system
- Centralize control over regions of the empire
New Spain (Mexico)
- From 1640 to 1750, New Spain experienced economic decline
- Bourbons attempted to revitalize the economy through economic reforms
- Focused on mining and trade
- Liberalized/deregulated industries
- Increased productivity and profitability
New Granada
- Bourbon reforms had mixed results in New Granada (present-day Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador)
- Initial goals were similar to those in New Spain
- Increase productivity and political control
- Reforms were ineffective or counterproductive in practice
- Ships arrived irregularly for trade, which undermined the reform's goals
- Increased contraband due to shipping problems
Decline of Spanish Naval Power
- Spain had a powerful navy in the 16th century, transporting goods across the Atlantic and Pacific
- Silver and goods were carried by galleons
- But, the 17th century saw a decline in naval power
- Piracy, poor ship conditions, and economic crisis contributed to the decline
- The succession crisis in 1700 heightened the issues
Reforms in New Spain
- Charles III implemented reforms beginning in 1759
- Jose de Galvez was sent to New Spain to implement the reforms
- Reforms aimed at consolidating absolute monarchy
- Centralizing power, economic control, and effective tax collection
- Created a new bureaucracy, replacing criollos with Spanish officials
- The reforms aimed to boost revenue for the Spanish Crown
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Description
Explore the significant changes brought by the Bourbon reforms in New Spain following the Habsburg rule. This quiz covers the political, economic, and cultural transformations initiated by King Charles III and how these reforms aimed to revitalize the Spanish Empire in the Americas. Test your knowledge on this pivotal period in Latin American history.
