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Questions and Answers
Which plant species is associated with the term 'Solanum tuberosum'?
Which plant species is associated with the term 'Solanum tuberosum'?
Which family does the plant Zea mays belong to?
Which family does the plant Zea mays belong to?
Which starch source is derived from Triticum vulgare?
Which starch source is derived from Triticum vulgare?
What is the scientific classification for rice?
What is the scientific classification for rice?
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Which of the following starches is NOT mentioned in the content?
Which of the following starches is NOT mentioned in the content?
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Which of the following uses of Graminea is NOT commonly associated with its properties?
Which of the following uses of Graminea is NOT commonly associated with its properties?
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What function does Graminea serve in the context of pharmaceutical tablets?
What function does Graminea serve in the context of pharmaceutical tablets?
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In what situation would Graminea be used as an antidote?
In what situation would Graminea be used as an antidote?
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Which application of Graminea requires its mucilage form?
Which application of Graminea requires its mucilage form?
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Which of the following is NOT a noted use of Graminea?
Which of the following is NOT a noted use of Graminea?
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What is one of the primary components of the drug mentioned?
What is one of the primary components of the drug mentioned?
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Which substance is noted for its presence in trace amounts in the drug?
Which substance is noted for its presence in trace amounts in the drug?
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In what forms is this drug primarily used?
In what forms is this drug primarily used?
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What role does the drug serve in quantitative microscopy?
What role does the drug serve in quantitative microscopy?
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Which alkaloid is specifically mentioned within the drug's composition?
Which alkaloid is specifically mentioned within the drug's composition?
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What is the primary botanical source of Lycopodium?
What is the primary botanical source of Lycopodium?
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What is the physical state of Lycopodium powder?
What is the physical state of Lycopodium powder?
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What is primarily responsible for the yellow tints in some kaolin samples?
What is primarily responsible for the yellow tints in some kaolin samples?
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Which statement accurately describes Lycopodium's interaction with water?
Which statement accurately describes Lycopodium's interaction with water?
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Which of the following is NOT a use of kaolin?
Which of the following is NOT a use of kaolin?
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In terms of sensory characteristics, how is Lycopodium described?
In terms of sensory characteristics, how is Lycopodium described?
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What type of compound is kaolin primarily composed of?
What type of compound is kaolin primarily composed of?
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Which family does Lycopodium belong to?
Which family does Lycopodium belong to?
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In what industry is kaolin predominantly utilized?
In what industry is kaolin predominantly utilized?
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What element's trace presence contributes to the aesthetic quality of some kaolin samples?
What element's trace presence contributes to the aesthetic quality of some kaolin samples?
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What is the primary medicinal use of precipitated chalk?
What is the primary medicinal use of precipitated chalk?
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Which two substances are involved in the preparation of precipitated chalk?
Which two substances are involved in the preparation of precipitated chalk?
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In which condition might precipitated chalk be used as a treatment?
In which condition might precipitated chalk be used as a treatment?
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What is the role of precipitated chalk in treating gastric affections?
What is the role of precipitated chalk in treating gastric affections?
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Which chemical reaction primarily produces precipitated chalk?
Which chemical reaction primarily produces precipitated chalk?
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Study Notes
Medicinal Plants Lecture 7
- Lecture covers Anatomy, Dusting Powders, Taxonomy, Physiology, and Introduction to Pharmacognosy
- Today's lecture focuses on Dusting Powders
- Dusting powders are crude drugs naturally occurring in powder form
- Plant-origin dusting powders include Starch, Lycopodium, and Kamala
- Mineral-origin dusting powders include Kieselguhr, Talc, Kaolin, China clay, Kaolinite
- Prepared/precipitated dusting powders include Precipitated Chalk, Precipitated Sulphur
Starch
- Starch occurs as irregular, angular or white powder
- Odorless and almost tasteless
- Insoluble in cold water, but forms a colloidal solution when boiled in water (about 15 times its weight)
- Forms a translucent jelly on cooling
- A glucose polymer containing two carbohydrates: amylopectin (branched) and amylose (unbranched, linear)
- Amylopectin constitutes over 80% of most starches
- Starch can be hydrolyzed by mineral acids into glucose and by β-amylase into maltose
Lycopodium
- Consists of ripe spores of the common clubmoss (Lycopodium clavatum L., Lycopodiaceae)
- Pale yellow, fine, extremely mobile powder
- Odorless and tasteless
- Floats on water without getting wet
- Burns instantly with a brilliant flash when ignited
- Spores are resistant to pressure and dilute acids/alkalis
Active Constituents (Lycopodium)
- Contains fixed oil (50%), phytosterin, alkaloid (lycopodine), and traces of nicotine
Uses (Lycopodium)
- Used as a dusting powder and in medicated snuffs and pills
- Standard reference in quantitative microscopy
- Treatment for chest and urinary tract disorders, rheumatism, cramps, varices, antiseptic for lung and kidney diseases
- Used in fireworks
Kamala
- Consists of trichomes and glands separated from the fruits of Mallotus philippinensis (Euphorbiaceae)
- Found in India and Pakistan
- Dull reddish-brown powder, without odor or taste
- Composed of glands and trichomes
- Glands are sub-globular and filled with deep red resin
Active Constituents (Kamala)
- Anthelmintic phloroglucinol derivatives (rottlerin and isorottlerin)
- Resins (65%)
Uses (Kamala)
- Treatment for tapeworm infestations
- Treatment for poultry
Kieselguhr
- Siliceous earthy matter composed of siliceous walls of fossil diatoms
- Mostly SiO2; also contains organic matter, clay, iron oxide, and water (5-15%)
Uses (Kieselguhr)
- Filter aid in purification of oils, syrups, etc.
- Microbial filter for sterilization
- Inactive support for chromatography
- Used in face powder, pills, soap, and polishing powder
- Used in dynamite production (absorbs nitroglycerin)
Talc
- Purified hydrated magnesium silicate
- Occurs as massive, foliated structure
- White or with a grayish/greenish tint (due to iron oxide presence)
- Pearly luster, feels greasy when rubbed on the skin
Uses (Talc)
- Filter aid in purification/clarification of cloudy fluids
- Coating and dusting agent for pills to prevent adhesion
- Lubricant for massaging and sports activities
- Used in tablet manufacture
Kaolin, China Clay, Kaolinite
- Pure variety of clay, produced by weathering/decomposition of granite feldspar
- Mostly hydrated aluminum silicate
- Yellow tints in some samples due to iron traces
Uses (Kaolin)
- Pottery and ceramics manufacturing
- Filter/clarifying agent
- Medicinal agent for gastric/intestinal issues (e.g., diarrhea caused by bacterial toxins)
Precipitated Chalk
- Prepared by reacting calcium chloride with sodium carbonate
- Reaction temperature/time influence particle size/shapes (extra light, light, medium, heavy types)
Uses (Precipitated Chalk)
- Dentifrice manufacture (heavy type preferred)
- Antacid, alone or with soothing components (light type preferred)
Sulphur (Precipitated)
- Prepared by adding hydrochloric acid to a calcium sulfide and thiosulphate solution
- Prepared by boiling sulfur and lime in water
Uses (Sulphur)
- Mild antiseptic and parasiticide
- Used in lotion/cream form for treating acne vulgaris and scabies
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Description
Test your knowledge on key plant species including Solanum tuberosum and Zea mays, their classifications, and various applications in pharmaceuticals. This quiz covers starch sources, their uses, and specific components found in related drugs. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand these important botanical concepts.
