Botany General Lectures 1 & 2 Quiz

Plant Cell Structure and Function

• A protoplast refers to the living contents of a plant cell, excluding the cell wall.

Cytoplasm Composition

• Cytoplasm is primarily composed of water, salts, sugars, and various organelles.

Plasma Membrane Function

• The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

Cell Sap Storage

• Vacuoles are responsible for storing watery fluid called cell sap, as well as waste products and recycling cellular materials.

Chloroplast Function

• Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.

Colored Plastids

• Chromoplasts are colored plastids that contain pigments responsible for the red, orange, and yellow colors in flowers and fruits.

Mitochondrial Function

• Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration, generating energy for the cell through the breakdown of glucose.

Largest Membrane-Bound Organelle

• The vacuole is the largest membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells, responsible for storage, recycling, and maintaining cellular turgor pressure.