Botany Chapter on Pistils and Ovules

The process by which living organisms produce offspring, ensuring the continuation of their species.

A type of reproduction where offspring inherit genetic material from only one parent.

A type of reproduction where offspring inherit genetic material from two parents.

The process by which flowering plants reproduce sexually, involving pollination, fertilization, and seed development.

The process of uniting male and female gametes (sperm and egg) to form a zygote, the first cell of a new individual.

The process by which pollen grains are transferred from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same or another flower.

The process of producing offspring by the union of male and female gametes.

The study and care related to the reproductive systems of humans, including health issues, contraception, and family planning.

The outer layer of an anther, providing protection.

A layer beneath the epidermis, helping with anther opening to release pollen.

Layers between the endothecium and tapetum, assisting in anther development and pollen release.

The innermost layer of the anther wall that provides nourishment for developing pollen grains.

The tissue within the microsporangium that produces pollen mother cells through meiosis.

The process of pollen mother cell division through meiosis to produce four haploid microspores.

A group of four microspores formed after meiosis from a pollen mother cell.

The haploid state, containing a single set of chromosomes.

The female reproductive part of a flower, consisting of one or more pistils.

A single female reproductive unit in a flower, typically containing a stigma, style, and ovary.

Having a single pistil.

Having multiple pistils.

When multiple pistils in a flower are fused together.

When multiple pistils in a flower are separate.

The sticky tip of the pistil that receives pollen grains.

The slender stalk connecting the stigma to the ovary of the pistil.

The portion of the embryonal axis below the cotyledons, including the radical and root cap.

A protective sheath that covers the radical and root cap in the embryo.

The portion of the embryonal axis located above the cotyledons, containing a shoot apex and leaf primordia.

A protective sheath that covers the shoot apex and leaf primordia in the embryo.

The food storage tissue in the embryo, typically thick and swollen.

Seeds that have no residual endosperm, as it's completely consumed during embryo development.

Seeds that retain a portion of the endosperm, as it wasn't completely used up.

The fusion of a male gamete with the egg cell, resulting in the formation of a diploid zygote.

The fusion of a male gamete with two polar nuclei in the central cell of the embryo sac, forming a triploid primary endosperm nucleus (PEN).

The tough outer covering of a seed that protects the embryo.

The process where both syngamy (fusion of gametes) and triple fusion (forming the PEN) occur in the embryo sac of flowering plants.

The tissue formed from the repeated divisions of the primary endosperm cell, providing nourishment to the developing embryo.

The first cell of the endosperm, formed by the fusion of a male gamete with two polar nuclei.

The process of developing the endosperm tissue, which precedes the development of the embryo.

The process occurring after double fertilization, where the endosperm and embryo develop, the ovule becomes a seed, and the ovary transforms into a fruit.

The ovule after fertilization develops into a seed, protecting and providing nourishment to the developing embryo.

The early stage of endosperm development where the nucleus divides repeatedly without forming cell walls, creating a multinucleate mass.

The later stage of endosperm development where cell walls form between the nuclei, dividing the endosperm into distinct cells.

The root tip of an embryo, protected by a root cap.

A single cotyledon present in monocotyledonous embryos, situated towards one side of the embryonal axis.

The process of embryo development from the zygote to a mature embryo.