Botany Basics

Botany is the scientific study of plants, including their structure, growth, evolution, classification, and distribution.
It encompasses various aspects of plant biology, including morphology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and ecology.

Plant morphology: study of the external form and structure of plants.
Plant anatomy: study of the internal structure of plants.
Plant physiology: study of the functions and processes that occur within plants.
Plant ecology: study of the interactions between plants and their environment.
Plant systematics: study of the classification, identification, and naming of plants.
Ethnobotany: study of the use of plants by humans, including their cultural and traditional significance.

Cell wall: rigid outer layer composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.
Plasma membrane: semi-permeable membrane that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic reactions occur.
Chloroplasts: organelles responsible for photosynthesis.
Vacuoles: organelles involved in storage, recycling, and waste management.

Seed germination: process by which a seed begins to grow into a new plant.
Meristems: regions of undifferentiated cells that give rise to new tissues and organs.
Hormones: chemical messengers that regulate plant growth and development.
Tropisms: growth responses to environmental stimuli, such as light and gravity.

Flowers: reproductive structures that produce gametes (sperm and egg cells).
Pollination: transfer of pollen from one plant to another, allowing for fertilization.
Fruits and seeds: structures that develop from fertilized flowers, containing the next generation of plants.

Photosynthesis: process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
Transpiration: process by which plants release water vapor into the air.
Stomata: small openings on the surface of leaves that regulate gas exchange.
Plant defense mechanisms: strategies used by plants to defend against pathogens, herbivores, and environmental stressors.

Botany is the scientific study of plants, encompassing structure, growth, evolution, classification, and distribution.
It includes morphology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and ecology.

Plant Morphology: studies external form and structure of plants.
Plant Anatomy: studies internal structure of plants.
Plant Physiology: studies functions and processes within plants.
Plant Ecology: studies interactions between plants and their environment.
Plant Systematics: studies classification, identification, and naming of plants.
Ethnobotany: studies use of plants by humans, including cultural and traditional significance.

Cell Wall: rigid outer layer composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.
Plasma Membrane: semi-permeable membrane regulating movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic reactions occur.
Chloroplasts: organelles responsible for photosynthesis.
Vacuoles: organelles involved in storage, recycling, and waste management.

Seed Germination: process by which a seed begins to grow into a new plant.
Meristems: regions of undifferentiated cells giving rise to new tissues and organs.
Hormones: chemical messengers regulating plant growth and development.
Tropisms: growth responses to environmental stimuli, such as light and gravity.

Flowers: reproductive structures producing gametes (sperm and egg cells).
Pollination: transfer of pollen from one plant to another, allowing for fertilization.
Fruits and Seeds: structures developing from fertilized flowers, containing the next generation of plants.

Photosynthesis: process converting light energy into chemical energy.
Transpiration: process releasing water vapor into the air.
Stomata: small openings on the surface of leaves regulating gas exchange.
Plant Defense Mechanisms: strategies used by plants to defend against pathogens, herbivores, and environmental stressors.

Botany is the scientific study of plants, including their structure, growth, evolution, classification, and distribution, also known as plant biology or phytology.

Structural Botany involves the study of plant structure, including morphology, anatomy, and cytology.
Systematic Botany involves the study of plant classification, identification, and naming.
Ecological Botany involves the study of plant interactions with their environment and other organisms.
Physiological Botany involves the study of plant functions, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and metabolism.
Genetic Botany involves the study of plant genetics, including genetic variation, inheritance, and evolution.

Plants belong to the domain Eukarya (eukaryotic organisms).
Plants belong to the kingdom Plantae (plants).
Divisions of plants include Bryophyta (mosses), Pteridophyta (ferns), Gymnospermae (gymnosperms), and Angiospermae (angiosperms).