Botany and Zoology Overview

Definition: The scientific study of plants, including their structure, properties, and biochemical processes.
Branches:
- Morphology: Study of plant form and structure.
- Physiology: Study of plant functions and processes (photosynthesis, respiration).
- Taxonomy: Classification and naming of plants.
- Ecology: Interaction of plants with their environment.
- Genetics: Study of plant heredity and variation.
Key Concepts:
- Photosynthesis: Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
- Plant Anatomy: Structures include roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
- Plant Reproduction: Asexual (e.g., budding, fragmentation) and sexual reproduction (e.g., pollination, seed dispersal).
- Plant Diversity: Major groups include flowering plants, gymnosperms, ferns, and mosses.

Definition: The scientific study of animals, their biology, behavior, and interactions with ecosystems.
Branches:
- Morphology: Study of animal form and structure.
- Physiology: Study of animal functions and processes (respiration, digestion).
- Ethology: Study of animal behavior.
- Taxonomy: Classification and naming of animals.
- Ecology: Study of animal interactions with their environment.
Key Concepts:
- Animal Classification: Categorized into major groups (e.g., mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects).
- Reproduction: Modes include sexual (most common) and asexual (budding, fragmentation in some species).
- Adaptation: Physical or behavioral traits that enhance survival and reproduction in specific environments.
- Ecosystem Roles: Animals serve as consumers, pollinators, decomposers, and prey in food webs.

Interdependence: Plants and animals often interact in ecosystems (e.g., pollination, food sources).
Evolution: Both fields study evolutionary processes that lead to diversity and adaptation.
Biodiversity Importance: Both plants and animals contribute to ecosystem services, including oxygen production, nutrient cycling, and habitat creation.

Definition: Scientific study of plants, covering structure, properties, and biochemical processes.
Branches:
- Morphology: Examines plant form and structure.
- Physiology: Investigates functions, including photosynthesis and respiration.
- Taxonomy: Involves classification and naming of plants.
- Ecology: Studies plant interactions with their environment.
- Genetics: Focuses on plant heredity and variation.
Key Concepts:
- Photosynthesis: Transforms light energy into chemical energy for plant growth.
- Plant Anatomy: Key structures comprise roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
- Plant Reproduction: Involves asexual methods (e.g., budding) and sexual methods (e.g., pollination).
- Plant Diversity: Major groups classified into flowering plants, gymnosperms, ferns, and mosses.

Definition: Scientific study of animals, encompassing biology, behavior, and ecosystem interactions.
Branches:
- Morphology: Analyzes animal form and structure.
- Physiology: Studies functions like respiration and digestion.
- Ethology: Explores animal behavior and social interactions.
- Taxonomy: Classifies and names animal species.
- Ecology: Assesses animal interactions within ecosystems.
Key Concepts:
- Animal Classification: Groups animals into categories such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects.
- Reproduction: Includes primarily sexual methods, with a few species capable of asexual reproduction.
- Adaptation: Involves traits developed to improve survival and reproductive success in specific environments.
- Ecosystem Roles: Animals fulfill roles such as consumers, pollinators, decomposers, and prey within food webs.

Interdependence: Plants and animals frequently interact in ecosystems, such as through pollination and as food sources.
Evolution: Both fields investigate evolutionary processes that foster diversity and adaptation in species.
Biodiversity Importance: Plants and animals are essential for ecosystem services, contributing to oxygen production, nutrient cycling, and habitat creation.