Botany and Plant Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What role do plants play in bio-remediation?

  • They consume minerals from the soil.
  • They generate toxic byproducts.
  • They absorb and mitigate pollutants. (correct)
  • They increase water contamination.

    • Which benefit attributed to plants can help improve human mental health?

  • Promotion of social isolation.
  • Contribution to ecosystem degradation.
  • Reduction of carbon sinks.
  • Enhancement of food quality. (correct)

    • How do plants contribute to energy resources?

  • By generating electricity via photosynthesis.
  • Through the production of oil, sugars, and wood. (correct)
  • By providing synthetic fuels.
  • By storing carbon in concrete.

    • What is one example of how vegetation benefits public health?

    <p>By improving air quality through pollution absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect highlights the relevance of studying plants in addressing societal challenges?

    <p>Plants support social policy and human health improvements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for studying plant structure?

    <p>To understand function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is specifically associated with lipid metabolism?

    <p>Glyoxisome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does NOT describe the relationship between structure and function in plants?

    <p>Thick structures prevent soil infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is recognized as the father of botany for developing a taxonomy of plants?

    <p>Theophrastus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do thin elongate structures play in plants?

    <p>They help optimize light capture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue is located just behind the epidermis in a stem?

    <p>Vascular tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sclerenchyma is found in mature tissue?

    <p>Dead and rigid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which root system consists of a main taproot with smaller lateral roots?

    <p>Taproot system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of adventitious roots in mangroves?

    <p>Providing support and preventing erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does photosynthesis occur in plants besides the leaves?

    <p>Roots and stems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pith within the stem structure?

    <p>Storage of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of root is specifically designed for climbing support?

    <p>Adventitious aerial roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic differentiates collenchyma from sclerenchyma?

    <p>Collenchyma provides flexibility in young tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cork cambium in secondary growth?

    <p>It generates cork cells covered by waxy suberin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes the bark of a tree?

    <p>Phloem and periderm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of removing bark from a woody plant?

    <p>The plant faces certain death due to lack of phloem transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the epidermis during secondary growth?

    <p>It ruptures due to increased internal pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'girdling' in terms of plant physiology?

    <p>Killing woody plants by removing the bark.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key challenges are associated with studying plants?

    <p>Climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which botanical garden is recognized as the world's oldest academic garden?

    <p>Orto Botanico di Padova</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vitamin is highlighted for its significance in plant studies related to medicine?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was De Materia Medica primarily about?

    <p>Pharmacological uses of plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Dioscorides write his influential work on plants?

    <p>50-70 AD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major reason to study plants according to the content?

    <p>To enhance food supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a challenge related to plants?

    <p>Overpopulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health issue is associated with Vitamin C deficiency?

    <p>Scurvy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of Culpeper's work in the 17th century?

    <p>Detailed pharmacological uses of plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which four crops are responsible for nearly two-thirds of global agricultural calories?

    <p>Maize, rice, wheat, and soybean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate at which crop yields for maize is increasing per year?

    <p>1.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By what percentage must global food production increase to meet future demands by 2050?

    <p>100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does biomimicry refer to in the context of studying plants?

    <p>Inspiration from nature for innovative solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that climate change is projected to affect crop yields?

    <p>Lead to a decrease in crop yields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for studying plants?

    <p>Robotic manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is identified as a component of bottles related to plant study?

    <p>30% plant polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course title: Physiology of Plants and Animals BL1004
    • Lecturer: Prof. Marcel Jansen
    • Email: [email protected]
    • Staff:
      • Prof Marcel Jansen (Module coordinator, Plant physiology lecturer - 8 lectures)
      • Prof Rob McAllen, Dr Fidelma Butler, Prof Sarah Culloty & Dr Neil Coughlan (Animal physiology lecturers - 9 lectures)
      • Dr Tom Quirke (Coordinator 2 practicals, [email protected])
    • Lectures: Available on Canvas
    • Group 1: Biological and Chemical Sciences
    • Group 2: Food Science and Technology, Nutritional Sciences, Geography and Archaeology, Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences.
    • Timetables may differ between groups
    • Practical details available from Dr Tom Quirke
    • Required textbook: Campbell & Reece (editions 9, 10, 11, 12...)
    • PPT's on Canvas need to be annotated
    • Practical Plant Physiology = 15%
    • Practical Animal Physiology = 15%
    • Winter MCQ exam = 70%
    • Absence form needs to be completed for missed practicals. Contact [email protected] for queries

    Plant Physiology - Key Concepts

    • Plant blindness exists - Luke Skywalker... a look out for plants!
    • Plant biomass (450 Gt Carbon) dominates Earth's total biomass (≈550 Gt), surpassing other organisms.
    • Why study plants?
      • Climate change
      • Sustainability and resources
      • Food supply
      • Biodiversity
      • Pollution
    • Importance of plants in medicine using phytochemicals (e.g., ascorbic acid, scurvy etc)
    • Ancient historical use of plants in medicine from Dioscorides to Culpeper.
    • Modern use of plants for more than just food and medicine.
      • Materials: fibers/polymers (bottles: 30%, clothing)
      • Energy: oil, sugars, wood (wood for building)

    Plants - Differences from Animals

    • Plants are immobile (sessile)
    • Plants have much more plasticity than animals (adjusting structure to local environment)
    • Plants are totipotent (unlike animal cells), meaning all cells can develop into a new organism

    Other Topics

    Plant Structure

    • Molecular structure of DNA, proteins, and lipids.
    • Chemical composition.
    • Folding/conformation.
    • Cellular structure (cytology)
    • Tissue structure (histology)
    • Organization of tissues (forming) plant organs (e.g., root, stem, leaf).
    • Whole plant structure (anatomy) and outward appearance (morphology).
      • Vegetation structure (ecology). -Examples link structure - function.

    Plant Tissues

    • Dermal tissue (single layer epidermis)
    • Vascular tissue (xylem, phloem)
    • Ground tissue (Parenchyma, including meristems)
    • Plant cells are totipotent

    Plant Organs (three)

    • Roots.
    • Stems.
    • Leaves
    • Flowers (modifications of leaves).

    Plant Growth

    • Primary growth (mitosis, enlargement, differentiation)
    • Lateral roots and shoots (pre-formed axillary buds)
    • Secondary growth (vascular cambium, cork cambium).
    • Consequences of secondary growth (bark formation, issues in girdling)
    • Plant lifespan (Annual, biennial, perennial)
    • Examples of long-lived plants (e.g., bristlecone pine trees, Yew trees).

    Plant Interactions/ Ecosystems

    • Bio-remediation
    • Nitrogen fixating nodules of roots.
    • Mycorrhiza (fungi-plant networks).

    Important Structures

    • Root (hairst, cap, lateral roots, adventitious roots).
    • Stem (apex, nodes, internodes, axillary buds).
    • Leaf (margins, structure, modified leaves).

    Additional Useful Information

    • Number of plant species (mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms)
    • Plant structures to support these functions.
    • Relationship between structure and function at different levels of organization.
    • Examples of plant structural plasticity.

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    BL1004 PPTlectures1-3 (2024-2025) Plant & Animal Physiology PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the significance of plants in various contexts including bio-remediation, mental health, and energy resources. It evaluates knowledge on plant structure, function, and their contributions to public health. Test your understanding of botanical concepts and their societal impacts.

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