Botany 101

Study Notes

Botany is the scientific study of plants, including their structure, growth, evolution, classification, and distribution.
Also known as plant biology or phytology.

Photosynthesis: Process by which plants produce glucose and oxygen.
Hormone Regulation: Plant hormones control growth and development.
Tropisms: Growth responses to environmental stimuli, such as light and gravity.

Agriculture: Development of crops and farming practices.
Conservation: Preservation of plant diversity and ecosystems.
Pharmacology: Discovery of medicinal compounds from plants.
Environmental Monitoring: Study of plant responses to environmental changes.

Botany is the scientific study of plants, encompassing their structure, growth, evolution, classification, and distribution.
Also known as plant biology or phytology.

Structural Botany: Examines plant morphology and anatomy to understand their structure and organization.
Systematic Botany: Focuses on the classification, naming, and identification of plants to create a comprehensive system.
Physiological Botany: Investigates plant functions and processes, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and nutrient uptake.
Ecological Botany: Explores the interactions between plants and their environment, including other organisms and physical factors.
Paleobotany: Studies fossil plants to reconstruct the evolutionary history of plant life.
Ethnobotany: Examines the uses of plants by indigenous cultures, including their medicinal, culinary, and spiritual applications.

Autotrophy: Plants have the ability to produce their own food through photosynthesis, using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
Cell Walls: Composed of cellulose, providing structural support and protection to the plant cell.
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis, containing the pigment chlorophyll.
Vascular Tissue: Specialized tissue that enables the transportation of water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant.

Angiosperms: Flowering plants that produce fruits and vegetables, including crops like rice, wheat, and corn.
Gymnosperms: Coniferous plants, such as pines and cedars, that produce seeds but not fruits.
Bryophytes: Non-vascular plants, including mosses and liverworts, that lack true vascular tissue.
Pteridophytes: Vascular plants, including ferns and horsetails, that have true vascular tissue but lack seeds.

Photosynthesis: The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen.
Hormone Regulation: Plant hormones, such as auxins and gibberellins, control growth and development, including cell elongation and differentiation.
Tropisms: Growth responses to environmental stimuli, such as phototropism (light), geotropism (gravity), and hydrotropism (water).

Agriculture: The development of crops and farming practices to improve food production and security.
Conservation: The preservation of plant diversity and ecosystems to maintain ecological balance and biodiversity.
Pharmacology: The discovery of medicinal compounds from plants, such as antibiotics and anticancer drugs.
Environmental Monitoring: The study of plant responses to environmental changes, such as climate change, pollution, and habitat destruction.