Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Overview

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Questions and Answers

What does BGP stand for?

  • Binary Gateway Protocol
  • Border Gateway Protocol (correct)
  • Border Gateway Program
  • Basic Gateway Protocol

Which of the following best describes an autonomous system?

  • A protocol for routing information
  • A single router operating independently
  • A network of routers operating under different organizations
  • A collection of networks under a common administrative domain (correct)

Which protocol is primarily used for routing information within the same autonomous system?

  • BGP
  • OSPF (correct)
  • EGP
  • RIP (correct)

What is a key feature of BGP?

<p>It is a path vector protocol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is NOT used to communicate between two different autonomous systems?

<p>RIP (B), OSPF (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of updates does BGP support?

<p>Incremental and trigger updates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To establish a neighborhood relationship between two routers using BGP, what must occur?

<p>Manual configuration of each router's neighbor identity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of BGP in the context of the internet?

<p>To exchange routing information between different autonomous systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)?

<p>To exchange routing information among autonomous systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the development of Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)?

<p>The large size of the routing table due to the internet's expansion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol was used before BGP for connecting autonomous systems?

<p>EGP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major change did the implementation of autonomous systems bring to network routing?

<p>The segregation of networks into manageable routing policies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant flaw that led to the decline of the Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)?

<p>Limited scalability for larger networks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the first version of BGP released, and what RFC defined it?

<p>1989, RFC 1105 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol served as the first protocol for routing before the concept of autonomous systems was implemented?

<p>GGP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the types of autonomous systems?

<p>Each autonomous system can be managed independently with its own routing policy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

An inter-domain routing protocol used to exchange routing information among autonomous systems on the internet.

Autonomous System

A group of networks under a single administrative authority that share a common routing policy on the internet.

BGP versions

Different implementations of the Border Gateway Protocol, with version 1 being initial and followed by version 2 then version 3.

Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)

An older routing protocol used to connect autonomous systems before BGP.

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Routing Table

A database in a router that maps destinations to paths to them. Its size increases as networks grow.

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ARPANET

The first network, developed by the US Department of Defense to connect computers across the US.

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GGP (Gateway to Gateway Protocol)

The first routing protocol used within ARPANET.

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RIP(Routing Information Protocol)

A routing protocol that operates within a single autonomous system.

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Autonomous System (AS)

A collection of networks under a single administrative domain. It uses a unique number to identify itself.

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Inter-domain Routing

The process of exchanging routing information between different autonomous systems.

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What is IGP?

A protocol used for routing within the same autonomous system. Examples include RIP, EIGRP, and OSPF.

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What is EGP?

An older protocol used for routing between autonomous systems before BGP was standardized.

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Path Vector Protocol

A routing protocol that propagates routes along with the path they took to reach a destination.

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BGP's Role on the Internet

BGP is the protocol used for routing between different autonomous systems on the internet. It controls internet routing.

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BGP's Incremental Updates

BGP sends only the changes in routes to update its neighbors, making routing more efficient.

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Study Notes

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

  • BGP is an inter-domain routing protocol.
  • It uses path-vector routing.
  • It's a gateway protocol.
  • BGP exchanges routing information among autonomous systems on the internet.
  • BGP operates on different autonomous systems.
  • History of BGP is important.

History of BGP

  • The first network was ARPANET, developed by the Department of Defense.
  • ARPANET had a single administrator handling all network functions and routers.
  • GGP (Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol) was the initial routing protocol in ARPANET.
  • GGP didn't use autonomous system numbers.
  • Internet growth created routing table issues with GGP.
  • Autonomous systems were introduced in the internet.
  • Autonomous systems resolved routing management with individual routing policies.
  • RIP (Routing Information Protocol), running on a single autonomous system was developed.
  • EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) was created to connect different autonomous systems.
  • EGP was used for five years.
  • BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) was developed due to flaws in EGP, defined in RFC 1105 in 1989.
  • BGP is defined in RFC 1105.

BGP Versions

  • BGP version 1 was released in 1989 (RFC 1105).
  • BGP version 2 (RFC 1163).
  • BGP version 3 (RFC 1267).
  • BGP version 4 is the current version (RFC 1771).

Autonomous Systems (AS)

  • An autonomous system is a collection of networks under a common administrative domain.
  • Organizations can have multiple locations but a single AS number.
  • Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) like RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, and OSPF are used within the same AS.
  • BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is used for communication between different ASes.
  • BGP is the main protocol on the internet backbone.
  • BGP exchanges routing information across different autonomous systems.

BGP Features

  • Open standard - BGP can run on any window device.
  • Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) - Used to exchange routing info between two or more ASes.
  • Inter-AS routing - Designed for routing among two or more autonomous systems.
  • Supports internet - It's the sole internet backbone protocol.
  • Classless - It's a classless protocol.
  • Incremental and trigger updates.
  • Path vector protocol - BGP sends the path along with routing information.
  • Neighborhood relationship - Routers manually configure their neighborhood relationships.
  • Application layer protocol - It uses TCP for reliability.
  • Metrics - Rich attributes like weight, origin affect path manipulation.
  • Administrative distance - 20 for external autonomous systems, 200 for the same autonomous system.

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BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) PDF

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