14 Questions
What is the primary purpose of a fair test in scientific investigations?
To isolate the effect of a single independent variable
What is the main difference between an independent variable and a controlled variable?
The independent variable is changed, while the controlled variable is measured
What is the purpose of analysing data in a scientific investigation?
To draw a conclusion and support or reject the hypothesis
What is the primary purpose of safety equipment in a laboratory?
To prevent accidents from occurring
What is the main advantage of using models in scientific investigations?
Models can represent complex systems in a simplified way
What is the primary purpose of a hypothesis in a scientific investigation?
To provide a possible explanation for a phenomenon
What is the purpose of using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher to put out a fire?
To block the supply of oxygen to the fire
Which of the following is NOT a type of Bunsen flame?
Sonic flame
What is the purpose of using a measuring cylinder in a laboratory?
To measure the volume of a liquid
What is the vital function of living things that involves the removal of waste products?
Excretion
What should you do if you did not close the air hole before lighting the Bunsen burner?
Turn off the gas tap immediately
What is the term for the process by which plants make their own food?
Photosynthesis
What is the purpose of using a stopwatch in a laboratory?
To measure the time taken for a reaction
What is the term for the ability of living things to detect and react to stimuli?
Sensitivity
Study Notes
Steps in Scientific Investigations
- Observe: subjective observation
- Form a hypothesis: based on observations
- Design and do experiments: collect evidence
- Analyze: examine data
- Draw a conclusion: support the hypothesis
Types of Scientific Investigations
- Fair tests: independent variable, dependent variable, controlled variables
- Classifying: comparing similarities
- Pattern seeking: observing and recording natural phenomena to find a pattern
- Model building: models represent objects
Laboratory Safety
- Safety equipment: laboratory coat, safety goggles, protective gloves, fire extinguisher, sand bucket, fire blanket, fume cupboard, eye wash bottle, first-aid kit
- Potential dangers: chemicals may be harmful
- Safety precautions: wear safety goggles
- Hazard warning symbols: harmful, irritant, flammable, explosive, radioactive, carcinogenic, toxic, corrosive
Fire Extinguisher
- Carbon dioxide gas: denser than air, sinks in air, blocks the supply of O2 to the fire
- Methods to extinguish fire: cover it with a jar, spray water, fire beaters, cut down trees
Measurement
- Length: measuring tapes, half-metre/metre rule, caliper (for paper)
- Volume: measuring cylinder, displacement can
- Mass: electronic balance, bathroom scale
- Temperature: alcohol thermometer, mercury thermometer
- Time: stopwatch
Basic Practical Skills
- Heating: steps to light a Bunsen burner
- Put the Bunsen burner on a heat-proof mat
- Close the air hole
- Place the gas lighter just above chimney
- Press the button of the gas lighter and turn off the gas tap
- Open the air hole
- Types of Bunsen Flame: luminous flame, non-luminous flame, air hole closed, air hole half-open, irregular, regular, quiet, noisy, lower temperature, higher temperature
- Strike back: did not close the air hole before lighting the Bunsen burner
Living Things
- Vital functions of living things: nutrition, respiration, movement, growth, sensitivity, excretion, reproduction
- Examples: photosynthesis, respiration, mimosa (害羞草), mould (霉)
This quiz covers the steps in scientific investigations, including observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and analysis. It also explores types of scientific investigations, such as fair tests, and variable identification.
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