Bone Tumor - Dr. Hanan Hosny

Types of Bone Tumors

• Metastatic carcinomas are the most common type of bone tumor, which originate from other sites, commonly from lung, prostate, and breast carcinomas.

Benign Bone Tumors

• Osteoma is a benign neoplasm that typically affects the skull and facial bones.
• Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor that arises from osteoblasts, commonly occurring between 10-20 years old, and frequently affects the proximal femur, tibia, and humerus.
• Osteochondroma is the most common benign tumor, affecting the metaphysis near the growth plate, capped with cartilage, and is more common in male adolescents.
• Enchondroma is a benign cartilaginous tumor that usually affects the bones of hands and feet, presenting as a well-circumscribed lesion arising from the medullary cavity of bone.

Malignant Bone Tumors

• Osteosarcoma:
  • Most common primary malignant tumor of bone
  • Typically affects teenagers (10-25 years old) and is more common in males
  • Presents with a bony mass with or without pain, and may present with a fracture
  • Tends to occur at the sites of bone growth
  • X-ray findings: Sunburst pattern (hair on end) periosteal reaction and destruction of bone (osteolytic) Codman's triangle: area of sub periosteal new bone formation
  • Prognosis: Poor, with hematogenous spread to lung
• Chondrosarcoma:
  • Malignant tumor of chondroblasts
  • May arise de novo or secondary to Paget's disease
  • Typically affects the pelvic bone, spine, and shoulder girdle
  • Microscopically: Atypical chondrocyte and chondroblast, often with multiple nuclei in a lacuna
• Giant cell tumor:
  • Uncommon benign but locally aggressive, with a tendency to recur
  • Typically affects the joints, causing arthritis-like symptoms
  • X-ray: Lytic mass traversed by thin sclerotic line (soap bubble appearance)
  • Microscopically: Numerous osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells
• Ewing sarcoma:
  • Primary malignant tumor
  • Affects children, with an average age of presentation between 10-15 years old
  • Arises in the medullary cavity, expanding and destroying the medullary cavity, cortex, and surrounding structures
  • Microscopically: Sheets of uniform small, round cells with small amounts of clear cytoplasm, and Homer-Wright rosettes
  • X-ray: Destructive lesion in diaphysis, infiltrating the cortex from within (onion skin)

Learn about bone tumors with Ass. Prof. Dr. Hanan Hosny, focusing on the most common types including Metastatic carcinomas and benign tumors like Osteoma and Osteoid Osteoma. Explore the characteristics, locations, and age groups affected by these bone tumors.