Bone Structure and Types Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the central core of the skeleton called?

Axial skeleton

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

Limbs

Which of these is NOT one of the five types of bone?

  • Flat
  • Short
  • Irregular
  • Fibrous (correct)
  • Sesamoid
  • Long

What is the main function of flat bones?

<p>Protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of short bones?

<p>They are grouped together in a small space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are sesamoid bones located?

<p>Within a tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone are the vertebrae in the spine?

<p>Irregular</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cancellous bone is stronger and harder than compact bone.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the bone is cancellous bone?

<p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the bone is compact bone?

<p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a function of bones?

<p>Muscle production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shaft of a long bone called?

<p>Diaphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is articular cartilage made of?

<p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the endosteum located?

<p>Inside of long bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a bony process?

<p>A part of the bone that sticks out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fossa?

<p>A depression or pit in a bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a tuberosity?

<p>Where muscles attach to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'border' refer to in bone anatomy?

<p>The edge of the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT one of the six types of fracture?

<p>Compound (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type allows for movement in one axis (direction)?

<p>Hinge (B), Pivot (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type allows for movement in two axes?

<p>Condyloid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint types allow for movement in three axes?

<p>Ball and socket (C), Saddle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type allows for translation (sliding) movement?

<p>Gliding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a synovial joint?

<p>Freely movable joint that contains synovial fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT one of the three types of connective tissue?

<p>Muscular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ligaments connect bone to bone.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tendon tissue has a poor blood supply, making it slow to heal.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tendons connect muscle to bone.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of articular cartilage?

<p>To reduce friction and absorb force in joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

<p>It provides shock absorption and stability in joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of bursae?

<p>To reduce friction in joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the axial skeleton?

The central core of the skeleton, including the skull, spine, and ribs.

What is the appendicular skeleton?

The limbs of the skeleton, including the arms and legs.

Name the 5 types of bone

The five main types of bones are: flat, long, short, sesamoid, and irregular.

Features of flat bone

Flat bones are typically associated with protection, such as the shoulder blade and skull.

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Features of a long bone

Long bones are typically associated with movement, such as the femur and tibia.

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Features of a short bone

Short bones are often found in groups in small spaces, such as the tarsals (ankle bones).

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Features of a sesamoid bone

Sesamoid bones are found within tendons, such as the patellar (knee cap) bone.

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Features of a irregular bone

Irregular bones have a more unique shape, such as the vertebrae in the spine.

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Features of cancellous bone

Spongy bone found at the ends of bones. Contains bone marrow, fat, and a good blood supply. Lightweight and good for shock absorption. Makes up 20% of bone.

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Features of compact bone

Stronger and harder bone, better for strength and protection. Makes up 80% of bone.

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Name the 5 functions of bones

Bones provide structure, protection, aid movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production.

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What is diaphysis?

The shaft of a long bone, composed of compact bone.

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What is epiphysis?

The ends of a long bone, composed of cancellous bone.

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What is articular cartilage?

Cartilage that covers the ends of bones at a joint.

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What is endosteum?

A dense fibrous membrane that lines the inside of long bones.

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What is periosteum?

A dense fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of the diaphysis.

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What is a bony process?

A part of the bone that sticks out, such as the bumps on the spine.

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What is a fossa?

A depression or pit in the bone.

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What is a tuberosity?

A roughened area on the bone where muscles attach.

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What is a border?

The edge of the bone.

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Name the 6 types of fracture

The six types of fractures are hairline, oblique, linear, comminuted, spiral, and segmental.

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Name the 6 types of joint

The six types of joints are ball and socket, hinge, saddle, gliding, condyloid, and pivot.

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Which joint types have 1 axis (direction)?

Hinge joints and pivot joints have one axis of movement.

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Which joint types have 2 axis?

Condyloid joints have two axes of movement.

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Which joint types have 3 axis?

Ball and socket joints and saddle joints have three axes of movement.

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Which joint has translation?

Gliding joints allow for translation or sliding movement between bones.

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What is a synovial joint?

Synovial joints are freely movable joints which allow for smooth movement. Contain synovial fluid, a lubricating substance that helps to reduce friction. Can disappear with age or injury, impacting movement.

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What are the three types of connective tissue?

The three types of connective tissue are fibrous (ligaments and tendons), supportive (bone and cartilage), and fluid (blood).

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Features of a ligament

Ligaments are made of collagen and connect bone to bone, providing joint stability. They have a poor blood supply so they heal slowly.

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Features of a tendon

Tendons are made of collagen and connect muscle to bone, allowing for movement at a joint. They have a good blood supply so they heal more quickly.

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Structure of articular cartilage

Articular cartilage is found in the ends of bones at joints. It's resilient and lubricated by synovial fluid, preventing bones from rubbing together and absorbing force.

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Structure of fibrocartilage

Fibrocartilage is found in areas like the menisci (knee cartilage). It provides shock absorption and joint stability but is also prone to injury.

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Structure of bursae

Bursae are small, fluid-filled sacs that help to reduce friction in joints. They are semi-permeable.

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Study Notes

Skeleton Overview

  • Axial skeleton: Skull, spine, ribs – the central core
  • Appendicular skeleton: Limbs

Types of Bone

  • Flat: Protection (e.g., shoulder blade, skull)
  • Long: Movement (e.g., femur, tibia)
  • Short: Small, grouped (e.g., tarsals)
  • Sesamoid: Within tendons (e.g., patella)
  • Irregular: Primarily vertebrae

Bone Structure and Composition

  • Cancellous bone: Spongy, lightweight, shock-absorbing, 20% of bone, contains marrow, fat, and good blood supply. Located at ends of long bones.
  • Compact bone: Strong, dense, protective, 80% of bone. Located in the shaft (diaphysis).
  • Diaphysis: Shaft of a long bone, composed of compact bone.
  • Epiphysis: Ends of a long bone, composed of cancellous bone.
  • Articular cartilage: Cartilage covering joints.
  • Endosteum: Inner lining of long bones.
  • Periosteum: Outer covering of the diaphysis (shaft).
  • Bony processes: Projections from bones (e.g., bumps on spine).
  • Fossae: Depressions or pits in bones.
  • Tuberosities: Attachment points for muscles.
  • Borders: Edges of bone.

Bone Functions

  • Support
  • Protection
  • Movement
  • Mineral storage
  • Blood cell production

Fractures

  • Several types exist, including hairline, oblique, linear, comminuted, spiral, segmental.

Joints

  • Synovial joints are freely movable, lubricated by synovial fluid, found in many places in the body, but can degenerate.
  • Joint types and axes:
    • 1 axis: Hinge, Pivot
    • 2 axis: Condyloid
    • 3 axis: Ball and socket, Saddle
    • Gliding: Translation only (no rotation axis).

Connective Tissues

  • Fibrous: Ligaments (bone to bone), tendons (muscle to bone)

  • Supportive: Bone, cartilage

  • Fluid: Blood

  • Ligaments: Bone to bone, collagen, slow recovery due to poor blood supply, supports joint stability.

  • Tendons: Muscle to bone, collagen, faster recovery due to good blood supply, facilitates movement.

  • Articular cartilage: Resilient, lubricated by synovial fluid, shock absorption, reduces friction between bones.

  • Fibrocartilage: Shock absorption, joint stability.

  • Bursae: Small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction in joints.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of bone structure and the various types of bones within the skeletal system. It includes information on the axial and appendicular skeletons, along with detailed descriptions of flat, long, short, sesamoid, and irregular bones. Test your understanding of the composition and functions of different bone structures.

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