Bone Structure and Types Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the central core of the skeleton called?

Axial skeleton

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

Limbs

Which of these is NOT one of the five types of bone?

Flat

Short

Irregular

Fibrous (correct)

Sesamoid

Long

What is the main function of flat bones?

Protection Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of short bones?

They are grouped together in a small space. Signup and view all the answers

Where are sesamoid bones located?

Within a tendon Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone are the vertebrae in the spine?

Irregular Signup and view all the answers

Cancellous bone is stronger and harder than compact bone.

False Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the bone is cancellous bone?

20% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the bone is compact bone?

80% Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a function of bones?

Muscle production Signup and view all the answers

What is the shaft of a long bone called?

Diaphysis Signup and view all the answers

What is articular cartilage made of?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Where is the endosteum located?

Inside of long bones Signup and view all the answers

What is a bony process?

A part of the bone that sticks out. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fossa?

A depression or pit in a bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is a tuberosity?

Where muscles attach to bone Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'border' refer to in bone anatomy?

The edge of the bone Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT one of the six types of fracture?

Compound Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type allows for movement in one axis (direction)?

Hinge Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type allows for movement in two axes?

Condyloid Signup and view all the answers

Which joint types allow for movement in three axes?

Ball and socket Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type allows for translation (sliding) movement?

Gliding Signup and view all the answers

What is a synovial joint?

Freely movable joint that contains synovial fluid. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT one of the three types of connective tissue?

Muscular Signup and view all the answers

Ligaments connect bone to bone.

True Signup and view all the answers

Tendon tissue has a poor blood supply, making it slow to heal.

False Signup and view all the answers

Tendons connect muscle to bone.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of articular cartilage?

To reduce friction and absorb force in joints. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

It provides shock absorption and stability in joints. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of bursae?

To reduce friction in joints. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skeleton Overview

Axial skeleton: Skull, spine, ribs – the central core
Appendicular skeleton: Limbs

Types of Bone

Flat: Protection (e.g., shoulder blade, skull)
Long: Movement (e.g., femur, tibia)
Short: Small, grouped (e.g., tarsals)
Sesamoid: Within tendons (e.g., patella)
Irregular: Primarily vertebrae

Bone Structure and Composition

Cancellous bone: Spongy, lightweight, shock-absorbing, 20% of bone, contains marrow, fat, and good blood supply. Located at ends of long bones.
Compact bone: Strong, dense, protective, 80% of bone. Located in the shaft (diaphysis).
Diaphysis: Shaft of a long bone, composed of compact bone.
Epiphysis: Ends of a long bone, composed of cancellous bone.
Articular cartilage: Cartilage covering joints.
Endosteum: Inner lining of long bones.
Periosteum: Outer covering of the diaphysis (shaft).
Bony processes: Projections from bones (e.g., bumps on spine).
Fossae: Depressions or pits in bones.
Tuberosities: Attachment points for muscles.
Borders: Edges of bone.

Bone Functions

Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral storage
Blood cell production

Fractures

Several types exist, including hairline, oblique, linear, comminuted, spiral, segmental.

Joints

Synovial joints are freely movable, lubricated by synovial fluid, found in many places in the body, but can degenerate.
Joint types and axes:
- 1 axis: Hinge, Pivot
- 2 axis: Condyloid
- 3 axis: Ball and socket, Saddle
- Gliding: Translation only (no rotation axis).

Connective Tissues

Fibrous: Ligaments (bone to bone), tendons (muscle to bone)
Supportive: Bone, cartilage
Fluid: Blood
Ligaments: Bone to bone, collagen, slow recovery due to poor blood supply, supports joint stability.
Tendons: Muscle to bone, collagen, faster recovery due to good blood supply, facilitates movement.
Articular cartilage: Resilient, lubricated by synovial fluid, shock absorption, reduces friction between bones.
Fibrocartilage: Shock absorption, joint stability.
Bursae: Small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction in joints.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of bone structure and the various types of bones within the skeletal system. It includes information on the axial and appendicular skeletons, along with detailed descriptions of flat, long, short, sesamoid, and irregular bones. Test your understanding of the composition and functions of different bone structures.