Bone Structure and Function

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Questions and Answers

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

Osteoclasts

Lamellae

Osteon (correct)

Haversian canal

What are lamellae?

Concentric rings of bone matrix

What is the function of the Haversian canal?

It contains a network of blood vessels and nerves running through compact bone.

What do Volkmann canals connect?

Haversian canals Signup and view all the answers

Osteoclasts consume and reabsorb old bones.

True Signup and view all the answers

Osteoblasts are responsible for consuming bone.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are osteogenic cells?

Mitotically active stem cells in bone that differentiate into osteoblasts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the osteoid?

Unmineralized bone matrix composed of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and collagen. Signup and view all the answers

What are lacunae?

Small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What are canaliculi?

Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal. Signup and view all the answers

What are chondrocytes?

Cartilage cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hyaline cartilage?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of elastic cartilage?

Provides flexibility. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fibrous cartilage?

It limits movement and resists compression forces. Signup and view all the answers

What connects bone to bone?

Ligaments. Signup and view all the answers

What connects muscle to bone?

Tendons. Signup and view all the answers

What germ layer is the precursor for connective tissue?

Mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

Muscle tissue is responsible for involuntary movement.

True Signup and view all the answers

Nervous tissue is derived from the endoderm.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

Lines surfaces and provides protection. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a resting sarcomere that can generate the greatest amount of contractile force?

Overlap of myosin and actin. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Structure and Function

Osteon, or Haversian System, is the structural unit of compact bone.
Lamellae are concentric rings of bone matrix.
Haversian canals contain networks of blood vessels and nerves, allowing communication within compact bone.
Volkmann canals connect Haversian canals, facilitating nutrient exchange between osteons.
Osteoclasts reabsorb old bone tissue, playing a crucial role in bone remodeling.
Osteoblasts are responsible for the formation and mineralization of bone.
Osteogenic cells are actively dividing stem cells in bone that differentiate into osteoblasts.
Osteoid is the unmineralized bone matrix composed primarily of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and collagen.
Lacunae are small cavities in bone that house osteocytes, which become inactive when trapped in these spaces.
Canaliculi are hairlike canals that link lacunae and connect them to the central Haversian canal.

Cartilage Types and Functions

Chondrocytes are the cells that comprise cartilage.
Hyaline cartilage is the most prevalent type, reducing friction in joints and allowing bone growth at epiphyseal plates.
Elastic cartilage offers high flexibility and is found in structures like the external ear.
Fibrous cartilage limits movement and resists compressive forces, notably in the vertebral discs of the spine.
Cartilage is a connective tissue made of chondrocytes that secrete an extracellular matrix (EM) called chondrin, containing collagen and proteoglycans.
Lacks nerves and blood supply, receiving nutrients via diffusion, important for maintaining cartilage health.

Development and Connection

Endochondral ossification converts hyaline cartilage into bone during fetal development, initially forming the skeleton.
Ligaments connect bone to bone, providing stability to joints.
Tendons attach muscles to bones, facilitating movement.
Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm and supports or protects various body structures.
Muscle tissue originates from the mesoderm and is responsible for both voluntary and involuntary movements.
Nervous tissue arises from the ectoderm and is essential for transmitting electrical signals in response to stimuli.
Epithelial tissue, derived from all three germ layers, lines surfaces and is critical for protection, absorption, and secretion.

Muscle Contraction Mechanics

A resting sarcomere at optimal length maximizes overlap between myosin and actin filaments.
This arrangement enhances the potential for contractile force, allowing myosin heads to bind effectively to actin filaments during muscle contraction.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts of bone structure, including the Haversian system, osteocyte cavities, and the roles of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Additionally, it explores the types of cartilage and their functions in the body. Test your knowledge of these fundamental aspects of human anatomy.