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Questions and Answers
What is the study of bone structure and disorders called?
What is the study of bone structure and disorders called?
- Orthopedics
- Osteopathy
- Osteology (correct)
- Osteometry
Which function of the skeletal system refers to providing attachment points for soft tissues?
Which function of the skeletal system refers to providing attachment points for soft tissues?
- Blood cell production
- Protection
- Mineral storage
- Support (correct)
What type of tissue makes up a bone along with dense connective and adipose tissue?
What type of tissue makes up a bone along with dense connective and adipose tissue?
- Epithelial tissue
- Cartilage (correct)
- Nervous tissue
- Muscle tissue
Which part of a long bone is primarily responsible for the production of blood cells?
Which part of a long bone is primarily responsible for the production of blood cells?
How do red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow primarily differ?
How do red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow primarily differ?
What is marked as the entire framework of bones and their cartilages in the body?
What is marked as the entire framework of bones and their cartilages in the body?
What part of the skeleton helps support soft tissues?
What part of the skeleton helps support soft tissues?
What is the proper term for the study of disorders related to the skeletal system?
What is the proper term for the study of disorders related to the skeletal system?
What percent of the extracellular matrix is made up of water?
What percent of the extracellular matrix is made up of water?
Which type of cell is responsible for breaking down the bone extracellular matrix?
Which type of cell is responsible for breaking down the bone extracellular matrix?
What is the main function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?
What is the main function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?
Which component makes up the largest percentage of the extracellular matrix?
Which component makes up the largest percentage of the extracellular matrix?
Which cell type develops into osteoblasts?
Which cell type develops into osteoblasts?
How many main types of cells are present in bone tissue?
How many main types of cells are present in bone tissue?
What is the function of osteocytes in bone tissue?
What is the function of osteocytes in bone tissue?
What percentage of the extracellular matrix is made up of collagen fibers?
What percentage of the extracellular matrix is made up of collagen fibers?
What type of cells are osteoprogenitor cells?
What type of cells are osteoprogenitor cells?
Where are osteoprogenitor cells primarily located?
Where are osteoprogenitor cells primarily located?
What is the primary function of osteoblasts?
What is the primary function of osteoblasts?
What are lacunae in bone tissue?
What are lacunae in bone tissue?
How do osteocytes communicate with each other?
How do osteocytes communicate with each other?
What are the concentric lamellae in compact bone tissue?
What are the concentric lamellae in compact bone tissue?
Osteons in compact bone tissue primarily serve what purpose?
Osteons in compact bone tissue primarily serve what purpose?
Which statement about osteoblasts is correct?
Which statement about osteoblasts is correct?
What is the primary function of the epiphyseal (growth) plate?
What is the primary function of the epiphyseal (growth) plate?
Which statement is true regarding the closure of the epiphyseal plate?
Which statement is true regarding the closure of the epiphyseal plate?
What can affect the lengthwise growth of bones as mentioned in the content?
What can affect the lengthwise growth of bones as mentioned in the content?
How is the epiphyseal plate represented in a radiograph?
How is the epiphyseal plate represented in a radiograph?
What is a characteristic of cartilage mentioned in the content?
What is a characteristic of cartilage mentioned in the content?
What happens to the bone growth rate during the damage to the cartilage at the epiphyseal plate?
What happens to the bone growth rate during the damage to the cartilage at the epiphyseal plate?
At what stage of life is the epiphyseal plate most active?
At what stage of life is the epiphyseal plate most active?
What is indicated by the cessation of cartilage cell division?
What is indicated by the cessation of cartilage cell division?
At what age do the epiphyseal plates typically close in females?
At what age do the epiphyseal plates typically close in females?
What is left behind after the epiphyseal plates close?
What is left behind after the epiphyseal plates close?
What process marks the end of longitudinal bone growth?
What process marks the end of longitudinal bone growth?
How does the closure of the epiphyseal plate assist forensic scientists?
How does the closure of the epiphyseal plate assist forensic scientists?
At what age do the epiphyseal plates typically close in males?
At what age do the epiphyseal plates typically close in males?
What causes the epiphyseal cartilage cells to cease division?
What causes the epiphyseal cartilage cells to cease division?
What happens to remaining cartilage during the closure of the epiphyseal plate?
What happens to remaining cartilage during the closure of the epiphyseal plate?
In which age group is the degree of epiphyseal plate closure particularly relevant?
In which age group is the degree of epiphyseal plate closure particularly relevant?
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Study Notes
Bone Structure and Function
- The skeletal system provides support for the body and is made up of bones, cartilage, connective tissue, epithelium, adipose tissue, and nervous tissue.
- Osteology is the study of bone structure and the treatment of bone disorders.
- Bone is an organ made up of several different tissues working together.
- The extracellular matrix of bone is composed of 15% water, 30% collagen fibers, and 55% crystallized mineral salts.
Bone Cells
- Bone tissue contains four types of cells: osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.
- Osteoprogenitor cells are unspecialized bone stem cells that can divide and become osteoblasts.
- Osteoblasts are bone-building cells that synthesize and secrete collagen fibers and other organic components of bone.
- Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue and are trapped within the extracellular matrix.
- Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that break down bone extracellular matrix.
Bone Tissue: Compact and Spongy
- Compact bone tissue is composed of repeating structural units called osteons or haversian systems.
- Osteons consist of concentric lamellae arranged around an osteonic canal containing blood vessels and nerves.
- The spaces between lamellae are called lacunae, which contain osteocytes.
- Spongy bone tissue is a network of bone trabeculae (thin plates of bone) with spaces filled with red bone marrow.
Bone Growth
- Bone growth in length occurs at the epiphyseal plate, a layer of hyaline cartilage located between the diaphysis and epiphysis of long bones.
- The epiphyseal plate allows the diaphysis of a bone to increase in length.
- When the epiphyseal plate closes, the remaining cartilage is replaced by bone, forming the epiphyseal line.
- Bone growth in length stops completely when the epiphyseal line appears.
- Closure of the epiphyseal plate is a gradual process and can be used to determine bone age.
Factors Affecting Bone Growth
- Hormones such as growth hormone, thyroid hormone, and sex hormones regulate bone growth.
- Nutrition plays a crucial role in bone growth, especially calcium and vitamin D intake.
- Physical activity promotes bone growth and development.
- Injury can damage cartilage and accelerate closure of the epiphyseal plate, inhibiting bone growth.
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