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Questions and Answers
If a long bone is subjected to increased stress on one side, which type of bone and structure would likely adapt to provide maximum support?
If a long bone is subjected to increased stress on one side, which type of bone and structure would likely adapt to provide maximum support?
- Compact bone with randomly oriented osteons to evenly distribute stress.
- Compact bone with osteons aligned parallel to the stress to resist bending.
- Spongy bone with trabeculae aligned perpendicular to the stress to resist shear forces.
- Spongy bone with trabeculae aligned along the lines of stress to resist compression. (correct)
Which cellular process is most directly facilitated by canaliculi in bone tissue?
Which cellular process is most directly facilitated by canaliculi in bone tissue?
- Deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals into the bone matrix.
- Direct communication between osteoclasts for coordinated bone resorption.
- Differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes.
- Nutrient and waste exchange between osteocytes and blood vessels. (correct)
A bone sample shows a decreased density and increased porosity. An imbalance in the activity of which two cells would most likely cause this?
A bone sample shows a decreased density and increased porosity. An imbalance in the activity of which two cells would most likely cause this?
- Increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity. (correct)
- Increased osteocyte activity and decreased osteoclast activity.
- Increased osteoblast activity and decreased osteoclast activity.
- Increased osteocyte activity and decreased osteoblast activity.
How does the arrangement of osteons in compact bone contribute to bone's overall function?
How does the arrangement of osteons in compact bone contribute to bone's overall function?
Following a fracture, which of these processes is most directly facilitated by the periosteum?
Following a fracture, which of these processes is most directly facilitated by the periosteum?
How do osteoclasts facilitate bone remodeling in areas subject to increased stress?
How do osteoclasts facilitate bone remodeling in areas subject to increased stress?
How do canaliculi support the function of osteocytes within compact bone?
How do canaliculi support the function of osteocytes within compact bone?
If a bone biopsy revealed an unusually high proportion of osteoblasts compared to osteoclasts, what condition might this indicate?
If a bone biopsy revealed an unusually high proportion of osteoblasts compared to osteoclasts, what condition might this indicate?
Which statement describes how the structural arrangement of trabeculae within spongy bone contributes to bone strength and resilience?
Which statement describes how the structural arrangement of trabeculae within spongy bone contributes to bone strength and resilience?
Compact bone is characterized by tightly packed osteons, while spongy bone features trabeculae. How does this structural difference relate to their respective functions?
Compact bone is characterized by tightly packed osteons, while spongy bone features trabeculae. How does this structural difference relate to their respective functions?
Flashcards
Periosteum
Periosteum
Tough connective tissue covering the outer layer of bone; involved in muscle attachment and bone repair.
Trabeculae
Trabeculae
A network of 'little beams' within spongy bone that align along stress lines to resist compression.
Osteons
Osteons
Cylindrical structures in compact bone; the basic functional unit of compact bone.
Osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
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Canaliculi
Canaliculi
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What is periosteum?
What is periosteum?
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Trabeculae stress lines
Trabeculae stress lines
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Osteocytes
Osteocytes
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Function of canaliculi
Function of canaliculi
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Study Notes
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- The outer layer of bone is made of tough connective tissue referred to as periosteum
- The periosteum provides a place for muscle attachment and bone repair to occur
- Underneath the periosteum is a thick layer of compact bone
- Spongy bone layer sits beneath the compact bone at the ends of long bones
- Spongy bone is a lattice of trabeculae which lie along lines of stress
- Trabeculae provide optimal resistance from compression
- Marrow or blood vessels fill the spaces between the trabeculae
- Compact bone is arranged in cylinders called osteons
- Osteons form arrangements in concentric circles known as lamellae
- Lamellae surround a central (or Haversian) canal, containing both blood vessels and nerves
- Central canals connect through perforating (Volkmann's) canals, which run perpendicularly
Types and functions of specialized bone cells
- Osteocytes are mature bone cells comprising the majority of bone structure
- Osteoclasts break down bone
- Osteoblasts produce new bone
- Canaliculi connect all bone cells, facilitating the exchange of nutrients and removal of wastes
- Spongy bone is characterized by large spaces, while compact bone is composed of column-shaped osteons
- Specialized bone cells participate in building and destroying bone
- Canaliculi maintains connections between bone cells to facilitate the transport of nutrients
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Description
Learn about the structure of bones, including the periosteum, compact bone, and spongy bone. Explore the functions of specialized bone cells such as osteocytes, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. Understand how these components contribute to bone strength and repair.
