Chapter 6 Exam practice

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Questions and Answers

Which type of cartilage covers bones at joints and has no perichondrium?

Articular cartilage (correct)

Elastic cartilage

Hyaline cartilage

Fibrocartilage

What is the function of ligaments in the skeletal system?

To provide support and protection (correct)

To produce blood cells

To store calcium and phosphorus

To connect bones to muscles

Which cells produce the matrix in cartilage?

Osteocytes

Osteoblasts

Chondrocytes

Chondroblasts (correct)

What are the components of the skeletal system?

Bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a mature bone has become the epiphyseal line?

Epiphyseal plate Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the cartilage in the epiphysis of a mature bone?

It becomes bone Signup and view all the answers

Where do secondary ossification centers form in long bones?

Epiphysis Signup and view all the answers

What type of growth occurs on old bone and/or on cartilage surface?

Appositional growth Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for the resorption of bone?

Osteoclasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the perichondrium in cartilage growth?

To add new cartilage to the surface of existing cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main inorganic component of bone matrix?

Hydroxyapatite Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteocytes in bone tissue?

To maintain the bone matrix Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is the femur an example of?

Long bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiphyseal plate?

To allow for bone growth in length Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone has many small spaces and is mainly found in the epiphysis?

Spongy bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the periosteum?

To cover the outer surface of the bone Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone development takes place in connective tissue membrane formed from embryonic mesenchyme?

Intramembranous ossification Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ossification produces woven bone that is then remodeled?

Both methods of ossification Signup and view all the answers

What are the locations in the membrane where ossification begins called?

Centers of ossification Signup and view all the answers

What are the large membrane-covered spaces between developing skull bones called?

Fontanels Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for removing bone from the exterior and rebuilding it?

Osteoclasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the callus in bone repair?

To stabilize the broken ends of the bone Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone and release calcium into the blood?

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major storage site for calcium in the body?

Bone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the skeletal system in aging individuals?

Increased rate of bone loss after menopause Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture occurs when the bone break is accompanied by an open wound?

Open (compound) Signup and view all the answers

Which group has higher bone masses compared to Caucasians and Asians?

Both African Americans and Hispanics Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture occurs when the bone break does not extend across the entire bone?

Incomplete Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture occurs on the convex side of the curve of a bone?

Greenstick Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture occurs when one fragment is driven into the spongy portion of the other fragment?

Impacted Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cartilage Types

Hyaline cartilage covers bones at joints.
Hyaline cartilage does not have a perichondrium.

Skeletal System Functions

Ligaments connect bones to other bones, providing stability to joints.

Cartilage Cells

Chondroblasts produce the matrix in cartilage.

Skeletal System Components

The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments.

Bone Development

The epiphyseal plate becomes the epiphyseal line in a mature bone .
Cartilage in the epiphysis of a mature bone is replaced by bone.
Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses of long bones.

Bone Growth

Appositional growth occurs on old bone and/or on the cartilage surface.

Bone Resorption

Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption.

Cartilage Growth Function

The perichondrium , a membrane surrounding cartilage, provides nutrients and allows for growth.

Bone Matrix Components

Hydroxyapatite, a calcium phosphate crystal, is the main inorganic component of bone matrix.

Osteocyte Function

Osteocytes are mature bone cells within the bone matrix that maintain bone tissue.

Bone Types

The femur is an example of a long bone.

Epiphyseal Plate Function

The epiphyseal plate allows for longitudinal growth of long bones.
Spongy bone has many small spaces and is mainly found in the epiphysis.

Periosteum Function

The periosteum , a membrane covering the outer surface of bone, provides nutrients, allows for growth, and is involved in repair.

Bone Development Types

Intramembranous ossification takes place in connective tissue membrane derived from embryonic mesenchyme.
Endochondral ossification uses hyaline cartilage as a model for bone formation and results in woven bone that is remodeled.

Ossification Locations

Ossification begins at specific locations in the membrane called ossification centers.

Skull Development

Large, membrane-covered spaces between developing skull bones are called fontanels.

Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts remove bone from the exterior while osteoblasts rebuild it.

Bone Repair

Callus, a soft tissue mass, forms during bone repair and helps stabilize the fracture.

Hormonal Influence on Bone

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone and release calcium into the blood.

Calcium Storage

Bone is the major storage site for calcium in the body.

Skeletal System in Aging

Decreased bone mass is a characteristic of the aging skeletal system.

Fractures

A compound fracture occurs when the bone break is accompanied by an open wound.
African Americans have higher bone masses compared to Caucasians and Asians.
An incomplete fracture is when the bone break does not extend across the entire bone.
A buckle fracture or torus fracture occurs on the convex side of the curve of a bone.
An impacted fracture is when one fragment is driven into the spongy portion of the other fragment.

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Take this quiz to test your knowledge on bone remodeling, including bone growth, changes in bone shape, adjustments due to stress, bone repair, and calcium ion regulation. Explore how the relative thickness of bone changes as it grows and understand the processes of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in removing old bone and forming new bone.