Questions and Answers
What is osseointegration, according to Zarb-1991?
A process that leads to asymptomatic rigid fixation of alloplastic materials in bone during functional loading
What is the primary mode of osteogenesis in the bones of the skull?
Intramembranous ossification
What is the process by which osteogenesis is induced?
Osteoinduction
What is the term for the process of cartilage formation and replacement by bone?
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What type of surface permits bone growth on its surface or down into pores?
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What is the ideal condition for titanium implant osseointegration?
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What is the impact of a larger bone-implant contact area on mechanical properties?
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What is the term used to describe the direct contact between living bone and implant?
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What is the function of bone-graft material in osteoconduction?
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What occurs when mesenchymal tissue is directly converted into bone tissue?
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What is the term used to describe the process of bone growth on a surface?
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What is fibro-osseointegration?
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What is the term for the transformation of mesenchymal tissue into bone tissue?
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What is the role of osteoblasts in osteoconduction?
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Who defined osseointegration in 1981?
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What is the significance of differential fiber orientation interphase at the soft tissue (abutment) compared to natural dentition?
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What percentage of the implant is typically covered by viable bone?
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What is the term used to describe the stimulation of primitive cells to develop into bone-forming cells?
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What is the term used to describe the direct anchorage of an implant by the formation of bony tissue?
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Who defined osseointegration in 1993?
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What is the primary consequence of the collapse of the cortical bone wall, especially on the buccal side, after tooth extraction?
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What is the name of the bone that provides attachment to PDL fibres?
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What is the duration after which the bundle bone is replaced by woven bone?
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What is the term used to describe the process of bone formation around dental implants?
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What is the primary purpose of identifying the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ)?
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What is the term used to describe the process of bone formation through the action of bioactive molecules?
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What is the primary characteristic of the bone that replaces the bundle bone after 2 weeks?
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What is the primary consequence of wound healing contraction after tooth extraction?
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What is the term used to describe the process of bone formation through the action of osteoblasts?
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What is the primary purpose of using bone graft substitutes in bone augmentation?
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What is the primary factor influencing the implant stability quotient (ISQ) during resonance frequency analysis?
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What is the minimum ISQ value indicating high stability for implant–bone interface?
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Which of the following is a principle of guided bone regeneration?
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What is the primary disadvantage of titanium reinforced membranes in guided bone regeneration?
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What is the typical graft volume range for intra-oral guided bone regeneration?
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What is the name of the surface type that promotes bone formation?
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What is the primary advantage of guided bone regeneration in horizontal bone defects?
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What is the term used to describe the analysis of the implant–bone interface during resonance frequency analysis?
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Which of the following is a type of titanium alloy used in implantation?
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What is the primary purpose of resonance frequency analysis in implantation?
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Study Notes
Conformational Changes in Alveolar Bone after Tooth Extraction
- Conformational changes occur in alveolar bone after tooth extraction
- Collapse of cortical bone wall, especially buccally, composed mainly of bundle bone
- Diminished blood perfusion from PDL affects the survival of cortical bone
- Wound healing contraction occurs, resulting in the disappearance of bundle bone and replacement with woven bone (Phase I)
- Phase 2 involves resorption, which occurs from the outer surfaces of both bone walls
Implant Supported Prostheses
- Unitary implant
- Implant Supported Bridge
- Implant Supported Hybrid Prosthesis
- Overdentures
Biological Process in Bone Formation
- Osteoinduction: the process by which osteogenesis is induced, stimulating undifferentiated cells to develop into bone-forming cells
- Osteoconduction: the process by which bone grows on a surface, guiding new bone growth
- Osseointegration: direct contact between living bone and implant, defined histologically as the direct anchorage of an implant by the formation of bony tissue around the implant without the growth of fibrous tissue at the bone-implant interface
- Osteogenesis: the development of bones, which can occur through intramembranous ossification (direct conversion of mesenchymal tissue into bone) or endochondral ossification (cartilage intermediate formation and replacement by bone)
Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ)
- Measures implant stability as a function of the stiffness of the implant-bone interface
- Evaluates implant stability at any stage of treatment or follow-up examinations
- High stability: ISQ >70
- Influenced by factors such as bone density, jaw healing time, and exposed implant height above the alveolar crest
Current Strategies to Achieve Bone Augmentation
- Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR)
- Principle: exclusion of soft tissue cells, space maintenance, clot stabilization, and bone particles for regeneration
- Advantages: graft availability, horizontal bone defects
- Disadvantages: decreased osteoinduction, low predictability in vertical defects, and lack of tissue integration
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