Bone Pathology and Remodeling Quiz

<p>Osteoporosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is tightly regulated under normal physiological conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aberrant bone formation or resorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased osteoblast activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aberrant turnover of bone tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone fragility and fractures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dynamic and responsive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To synthesize the bone matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortical bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metaphysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keratin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From a cartilaginous template (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect and process multiple inputs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoclasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Site of longitudinal growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have complex shapes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homeobox (HOX) genes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate mineralization and form new bone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serum glucose levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits osteoclast activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To meet structural and mineral requirements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone resorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promotes intestinal calcium uptake. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in the loading environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form the organic matrix called osteoid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased mechanical loading (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be multinucleated and are TRAP positive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RGD-containing proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They undergo apoptosis or differentiate into osteocytes or bone lining cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They polarize, forming a ruffled border and actin ring. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It digests collagen and other components of the bone matrix. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium hydroxy-apatite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased mechanical loading promotes osteoclast activity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The human skeletal system is a complex and dynamic system that provides structural support, protection for vital organs, aids in movement, and stores minerals like calcium.

Long bones are characterized by a long shaft (diaphysis) and two ends (epiphyses) that are wider than the shaft. They are involved in movement and support, examples being the femur and humerus.

Flat bones, typically found in the skull, ribs, and sternum, are thin, flat bones that provide protection for vital organs and offer a large surface area for muscle attachment.

Sesamoid bones, like the patella or kneecap, are small, round bones embedded within tendons, often near joints, that help reduce friction and enhance muscle function.

Short bones, such as the carpals in the wrist or the tarsals in the ankle, are cube-shaped and provide stability and support for complex movements.

Irregular bones, like the vertebrae or facial bones, have complex shapes that don't fit into other categories. They serve a variety of functions based on their unique structure.

Compact bone, also known as cortical bone, is a dense and strong type of bone tissue that makes up the outer shell of most bones. It provides structural support and protection.

Trabecular bone, also known as spongy or cancellous bone, is a lighter and more porous type of bone tissue found inside bones. It is mainly responsible for mineral storage and blood cell production.

Osteoblasts are bone-building cells that synthesize and deposit new bone matrix, contributing to bone growth and repair.

Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue and regulate mineral exchange within bone.

Specialized cells responsible for bone formation and mineralization.

Mature bone cells embedded within the bone matrix, maintaining bone structure.

Cells that line the surface of bone, sensing changes in loading and triggering bone resorption.

Cells responsible for breaking down bone tissue, releasing calcium.

The process of bone formation, where osteoblasts deposit new bone matrix.

The process of bone breakdown, where osteoclasts remove bone tissue.

The continuous process of bone formation and resorption, maintaining bone strength and density.

The ability of bone to sense and respond to changes in mechanical stress.

Changes in how much calcium is present in the blood.

The force applied to bones, influencing their strength and structure.

Bone formation and resorption are tightly coupled processes that constantly remodel bone tissue.

The organic part of bone tissue, primarily composed of collagen fibers, that provides the framework for bone.

The process of depositing calcium hydroxyapatite crystals into the organic matrix of bone, making it hard and strong.

The a5b3 integrin on the osteoclast binds to RGD-containing proteins in the bone matrix, facilitating the attachment of osteoclasts to bone surfaces.

The creation of a sealed zone between the osteoclast and bone surface, where acids and enzymes are released to break down bone.

A dynamic tissue undergoing constant reconstruction through the coordinated action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

An alteration in the natural rate of bone turnover leading to abnormal bone formation or resorption.

A disease where bone formation exceeds bone resorption, leading to abnormally thick and fragile bones.

A group of cancers originating in bone tissue, often characterized by rapid growth and spread.

A medical condition characterized by bone loss resulting in weakened and fragile bones, often caused by aging, hormone deficiencies, or certain medications.