Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of osteoblasts in bone health?
What is the primary role of osteoblasts in bone health?
- They regulate calcium absorption.
- They deposit calcium salts to form bones. (correct)
- They break down bone tissue.
- They produce collagen.
Which vitamin is primarily necessary for enhancing calcium absorption in bones?
Which vitamin is primarily necessary for enhancing calcium absorption in bones?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin D (correct)
What leads to osteopenia?
What leads to osteopenia?
- Excess estrogen production.
- High levels of physical activity.
- Imbalance between bone formation and breakdown. (correct)
- Increased sensitivity of osteoclasts to PTH.
Which hormone decreases osteoclast sensitivity to parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Which hormone decreases osteoclast sensitivity to parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Which elements are essential for the production of a healthy extracellular matrix in bones?
Which elements are essential for the production of a healthy extracellular matrix in bones?
Which bone is most commonly fractured in the event of a fall while rollerblading?
Which bone is most commonly fractured in the event of a fall while rollerblading?
What is a common characteristic of fractures among the elderly?
What is a common characteristic of fractures among the elderly?
What condition is commonly associated with fractures in undernourished individuals?
What condition is commonly associated with fractures in undernourished individuals?
Which activity is most likely to result in a wrist fracture?
Which activity is most likely to result in a wrist fracture?
Vertebral fractures are most common in individuals engaged in what type of work?
Vertebral fractures are most common in individuals engaged in what type of work?
In which direction does compact bone typically grow?
In which direction does compact bone typically grow?
Which site is a common fracture location for people who fall while extending their arms?
Which site is a common fracture location for people who fall while extending their arms?
What is the typical outcome when a bone fractures?
What is the typical outcome when a bone fractures?
What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone structure?
What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone structure?
What condition can result from inflammation that cuts off the blood supply to the bone?
What condition can result from inflammation that cuts off the blood supply to the bone?
Which of the following is considered the fundamental unit of compact bone?
Which of the following is considered the fundamental unit of compact bone?
What role do Haversian canals play in bone tissue?
What role do Haversian canals play in bone tissue?
What is the external layer of the bone called?
What is the external layer of the bone called?
Which dietary component is essential for bone density maintenance?
Which dietary component is essential for bone density maintenance?
Where are osteocytes found within the bone structure?
Where are osteocytes found within the bone structure?
What is the function of canaliculi in bone tissue?
What is the function of canaliculi in bone tissue?
What happens to blood supply during inflammation in bone tissue?
What happens to blood supply during inflammation in bone tissue?
Which of the following structures is involved in the formation of new bone?
Which of the following structures is involved in the formation of new bone?
What characterizes reactive arthritis?
What characterizes reactive arthritis?
In the context of psoriatic arthritis, which statement is true?
In the context of psoriatic arthritis, which statement is true?
Which joints are most commonly affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
Which joints are most commonly affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
What is a significant complication of rheumatoid arthritis?
What is a significant complication of rheumatoid arthritis?
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is primarily characterized by which type of immune response?
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is primarily characterized by which type of immune response?
In systemic sclerosis, what is a primary pathological feature?
In systemic sclerosis, what is a primary pathological feature?
What is the hallmark radiological finding in ankylosing spondylitis?
What is the hallmark radiological finding in ankylosing spondylitis?
Which medication class is typically used as a first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?
Which medication class is typically used as a first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?
Which condition is characterized by the crystallization of uric acid in joints?
Which condition is characterized by the crystallization of uric acid in joints?
What is a characteristic symptom of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
What is a characteristic symptom of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Which form of psoriatic arthritis involves four or fewer joints?
Which form of psoriatic arthritis involves four or fewer joints?
What is the typical inflammatory pattern seen in spondyloarthropathies?
What is the typical inflammatory pattern seen in spondyloarthropathies?
What is a common systemic effect of systemic lupus erythematosus?
What is a common systemic effect of systemic lupus erythematosus?
Which factor contributes to the autoimmunity seen in rheumatoid arthritis?
Which factor contributes to the autoimmunity seen in rheumatoid arthritis?
Which condition is characterized by reduced bone density and is most common in post-menopausal women?
Which condition is characterized by reduced bone density and is most common in post-menopausal women?
What is the primary purpose of Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) in relation to bone health?
What is the primary purpose of Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) in relation to bone health?
Which treatment for osteoporosis inhibits bone resorption?
Which treatment for osteoporosis inhibits bone resorption?
What is a common complication associated with osteoporosis in the spine?
What is a common complication associated with osteoporosis in the spine?
Which of the following is a hallmark sign of Paget's Disease?
Which of the following is a hallmark sign of Paget's Disease?
What causes osteomalacia?
What causes osteomalacia?
Which lifestyle change is recommended for preventing osteoporosis?
Which lifestyle change is recommended for preventing osteoporosis?
Which of the following could lead to osteonecrosis?
Which of the following could lead to osteonecrosis?
In which age group is osteosarcoma most commonly found?
In which age group is osteosarcoma most commonly found?
What underlying condition might lead to osteomyelitis?
What underlying condition might lead to osteomyelitis?
Which osteoporotic condition is characterized by an increase in bone resorption?
Which osteoporotic condition is characterized by an increase in bone resorption?
What is the principle deficit in osteogenesis imperfecta?
What is the principle deficit in osteogenesis imperfecta?
What type of tumor is a chondroma?
What type of tumor is a chondroma?
What is a characteristic feature of osteoclastomas?
What is a characteristic feature of osteoclastomas?
What role do vitamins C and D play in maintaining bone health?
What role do vitamins C and D play in maintaining bone health?
Which of the following correctly describes osteopenia?
Which of the following correctly describes osteopenia?
What effect do hormones like estrogen and testosterone have on osteoclasts?
What effect do hormones like estrogen and testosterone have on osteoclasts?
How does physical activity influence bone health?
How does physical activity influence bone health?
What is necessary for bone hardness to occur?
What is necessary for bone hardness to occur?
What is a common fracture site for individuals who frequently participate in ice skating?
What is a common fracture site for individuals who frequently participate in ice skating?
Which individual is most likely to experience a vertebral fracture?
Which individual is most likely to experience a vertebral fracture?
In what condition is osteoporosis primarily likely to develop?
In what condition is osteoporosis primarily likely to develop?
What type of bone growth is described as bones growing inward to outward?
What type of bone growth is described as bones growing inward to outward?
Which of the following activities poses a higher risk for femur fractures among the elderly?
Which of the following activities poses a higher risk for femur fractures among the elderly?
Which characteristic of compact bone distinguishes it from spongy bone?
Which characteristic of compact bone distinguishes it from spongy bone?
What mechanism typically leads to the fractures seen in people who fall while extending their arms?
What mechanism typically leads to the fractures seen in people who fall while extending their arms?
Which of the following best describes a common reason for fractures in children?
Which of the following best describes a common reason for fractures in children?
What is the layer of bone that contains blood vessels and nerves called?
What is the layer of bone that contains blood vessels and nerves called?
What cells are responsible for forming new bone tissue?
What cells are responsible for forming new bone tissue?
Which component is essential for the maintenance of normal bone density?
Which component is essential for the maintenance of normal bone density?
What happens to the blood supply in bone tissue during inflammation?
What happens to the blood supply in bone tissue during inflammation?
What is the primary cell type found in a lacuna of bone?
What is the primary cell type found in a lacuna of bone?
What is the relationship between osteon and lamella?
What is the relationship between osteon and lamella?
Which factor does NOT contribute to bone density?
Which factor does NOT contribute to bone density?
What is the primary role of the periosteum in bone health?
What is the primary role of the periosteum in bone health?
What structure is involved in the transport of nutrients to osteocytes?
What structure is involved in the transport of nutrients to osteocytes?
What might occur if osteoblasts are deficient in their activity?
What might occur if osteoblasts are deficient in their activity?
Which form of psoriatic arthritis is characterized by the involvement of four or fewer joints?
Which form of psoriatic arthritis is characterized by the involvement of four or fewer joints?
What is the primary autoimmune process involved in rheumatoid arthritis?
What is the primary autoimmune process involved in rheumatoid arthritis?
Which joint is least commonly affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
Which joint is least commonly affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
Which medical treatment is not a typical first-line option for managing rheumatoid arthritis?
Which medical treatment is not a typical first-line option for managing rheumatoid arthritis?
Which condition is characterized by extensive fibrosis throughout the body?
Which condition is characterized by extensive fibrosis throughout the body?
Which of the following is indicative of gouty arthritis?
Which of the following is indicative of gouty arthritis?
What is a common symptom observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
What is a common symptom observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Which is not a subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Which is not a subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Which of the following conditions is known to lead to ankylosing spondylitis?
Which of the following conditions is known to lead to ankylosing spondylitis?
Which joint condition can lead to both arthritis and conjunctivitis as part of its symptoms?
Which joint condition can lead to both arthritis and conjunctivitis as part of its symptoms?
Which complication is commonly seen in rheumatoid arthritis?
Which complication is commonly seen in rheumatoid arthritis?
Which cytokine is primarily involved in the autoimmune response of rheumatoid arthritis?
Which cytokine is primarily involved in the autoimmune response of rheumatoid arthritis?
What is a defining feature of spondyloarthritis?
What is a defining feature of spondyloarthritis?
What is a common systemic effect of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
What is a common systemic effect of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by increased bone remodeling leading to enlarged and softened bones?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by increased bone remodeling leading to enlarged and softened bones?
What is the primary complication associated with osteoporosis in the hip?
What is the primary complication associated with osteoporosis in the hip?
Which treatment for osteoporosis stimulates bone remodeling?
Which treatment for osteoporosis stimulates bone remodeling?
What is a common characteristic of osteomalacia?
What is a common characteristic of osteomalacia?
What is the most widely used screening tool for measuring bone density?
What is the most widely used screening tool for measuring bone density?
Which of the following is a common non-pharmacological intervention for osteoporosis?
Which of the following is a common non-pharmacological intervention for osteoporosis?
Which of the following conditions can lead to ischemic bone necrosis?
Which of the following conditions can lead to ischemic bone necrosis?
What represents the hallmark sign of Paget's Disease on imaging?
What represents the hallmark sign of Paget's Disease on imaging?
Which of the following is a common result of Osteomyelitis?
Which of the following is a common result of Osteomyelitis?
Which bone disease is primarily seen in post-menopausal women due to a loss of estrogen?
Which bone disease is primarily seen in post-menopausal women due to a loss of estrogen?
Which class of medication is primarily used to inhibit bone resorption in osteoporosis treatment?
Which class of medication is primarily used to inhibit bone resorption in osteoporosis treatment?
What dietary change is recommended to help prevent osteoporosis?
What dietary change is recommended to help prevent osteoporosis?
Which type of bone tumor is characterized by the presence of multiple nuclei and behaves like a malignant tumor?
Which type of bone tumor is characterized by the presence of multiple nuclei and behaves like a malignant tumor?
Which of the following bone tumors is most commonly found in adolescents?
Which of the following bone tumors is most commonly found in adolescents?
Flashcards
Fracture
Fracture
A break in a bone.
Common fracture sites
Common fracture sites
Areas of the body frequently affected by fractures, including the hand, clavicle, and humerus.
Elderly fracture sites
Elderly fracture sites
Fractures in the femur and pelvis are common among the elderly.
Vertebral fractures
Vertebral fractures
Signup and view all the flashcards
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Compact bone growth
Compact bone growth
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bone Breaking
Bone Breaking
Signup and view all the flashcards
Activities causing fractures
Activities causing fractures
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bone Hardness
Bone Hardness
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bone Strength
Bone Strength
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vitamins for Bone
Vitamins for Bone
Signup and view all the flashcards
Osteoblast vs Osteoclast
Osteoblast vs Osteoclast
Signup and view all the flashcards
Osteopenia
Osteopenia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Osteon
Osteon
Signup and view all the flashcards
Periosteum
Periosteum
Signup and view all the flashcards
Osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
Signup and view all the flashcards
Haversian Canals
Haversian Canals
Signup and view all the flashcards
Lamellae
Lamellae
Signup and view all the flashcards
Osteocytes
Osteocytes
Signup and view all the flashcards
Canaliculi
Canaliculi
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bone Matrix
Bone Matrix
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bone Density Requirements
Bone Density Requirements
Signup and view all the flashcards
Dietary Proteins for Bone
Dietary Proteins for Bone
Signup and view all the flashcards
Osteoporosis causes
Osteoporosis causes
Signup and view all the flashcards
DEXA scan
DEXA scan
Signup and view all the flashcards
Osteoporosis prevention
Osteoporosis prevention
Signup and view all the flashcards
Osteoporosis treatment
Osteoporosis treatment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Osteomalacia
Osteomalacia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Paget's disease
Paget's disease
Signup and view all the flashcards
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Benign Bone Tumors
Benign Bone Tumors
Signup and view all the flashcards
Malignant Bone Tumors
Malignant Bone Tumors
Signup and view all the flashcards
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Signup and view all the flashcards
Scoliosis
Scoliosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Reactive Arthritis
Reactive Arthritis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Psoriatic Arthritis
Psoriatic Arthritis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pannus Formation
Pannus Formation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Rheumatoid Nodules
Rheumatoid Nodules
Signup and view all the flashcards
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Spondyloarthropathies
Spondyloarthropathies
Signup and view all the flashcards
Gouty Arthritis
Gouty Arthritis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hyperuricemia
Hyperuricemia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Signup and view all the flashcards
What makes bone strong?
What makes bone strong?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vitamins for Bone Health
Vitamins for Bone Health
Signup and view all the flashcards
Osteoporosis & Nutrition
Osteoporosis & Nutrition
Signup and view all the flashcards
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Complications of Osteoporosis
Complications of Osteoporosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Causes of Osteomalacia
Causes of Osteomalacia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hallmark Sign of Paget's Disease
Hallmark Sign of Paget's Disease
Signup and view all the flashcards
Common Sites of Osteoarthritis
Common Sites of Osteoarthritis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Skeletal System Disorders
- Chapter 43: Discusses trauma, infections, neoplasms, and childhood disorders of the skeletal system.
- Chapter 44: Focuses on metabolic and rheumatic disorders of the skeletal system.
Fractures
- Fractures are any discontinuity of the bone.
- Common fracture sites include the hand, clavicle, and humerus.
- Activities like rollerblading, ice skating, and falling can cause fractures, especially in the wrist.
- Fractures are common among the elderly, particularly involving the femur and pelvis.
- Vertebral fractures are common among those with physically intensive jobs.
- Not well-nourished individuals are at an increased risk of osteoporosis-related fractures.
Compact Bone
- Osteons are the fundamental units of compact bone.
- They are cylindrical structures, with osteocytes found in lacunae.
- Lamellae are concentric layers of calcified matrix that surround each osteon.
- Haversian canals contain blood vessels and nerves, providing nutrients to osteocytes.
- Volkmann's canals connect Haversian canals, facilitating blood supply throughout the bone.
- The periosteum is the external layer of the bone, while the endosteum lines the medullary cavity.
Bone Density Requirements
- Bone density requires protein, intercellular matrix (made of dietary proteins & amino acids building intracellular matrix), and calcium salts (calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate).
- Calcium salts confer hardness to bone.
- Without crystalization (from calcium salts), bone hardness would not form.
Bone Development
- Bone formation involves mesenchymal condensation, chondrocytes, primary ossification, and secondary ossification.
- Dietary protein and vitamin C are necessary for connective tissue formation.
- Sufficient vitamin D ensures adequate calcium absorption from diet.
Requirements for Normal Bone Density
- Hormones, including estrogen and testosterone, decrease osteoclast sensitivity to parathyroid hormone (PTH).
- Vitamins C and D also play roles in bone health.
- Physical activity stimulates osteoblast activity for bone production.
Osteopenia
- Osteopenia results from an imbalance between bone formation and breakdown.
- It describes low bone mass, increasing risk of fractures.
- Decreased bone mineral density is a characteristic.
- This contributes to other bone diseases if not rectified.
- Bone replacement and maintenance of density are key functions of balanced formation and breakdown in healthy bones.
- Postmenopausal women and undernourished individuals are at greater risk for osteopenia.
Osteoporosis
- Osteoporosis is a disease of reduced bone density, making bones susceptible to fractures.
- It's particularly prevalent in women with declining estrogen levels.
- This metabolic condition is largely seen in older women.
- Bone synthesis must outweigh bone resorption to prevent this condition.
- The disease significantly impacts the hip and vertebral areas.
Complications of Osteoporosis
- Spinal complications (fractures [compression fractures], kyphosis, scoliosis).
- Hip fractures in the neck of the femur.
- Reduced blood supply contributes to weakening and fractures in the hip (atherosclerosis).
Bone Thinning
- Trabecular bone thinning is more prominent in women due to loss of connectivity and trabeculae rather than a decrease in formation in men.
Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)
- DEXA is a widely used screening method for measuring bone density.
- It's valuable for monitoring the effects of osteoporosis medications.
Osteoporosis Non-Pharmacological Treatments
- Engage in regular exercise.
- Increase calcium intake.
- Minimize phosphate intake.
- Take vitamin D supplements.
- Quit smoking.
Osteoporosis Pharmacological Treatments
- Bisphosphonates (alendronate, zoledronic acid) inhibit bone resorption.
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates bone remodeling.
- Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs, e.g., raloxifene) act on specific estrogen receptors.
- Calcitonin, a naturally produced peptide, partially inhibits osteoclast activity.
- Denosumab inhibits bone resorption and stimulates secondary bone formation as a RANKL inhibitor.
Osteomalacia
- Osteomalacia is inadequate bone mineralization, leading to osteoid (soft bone)
- Causes include vitamin D deficiencies (from decreased dietary intake, intestinal absorption problems, or renal tubular disease).
Rickets
- Rickets is a childhood bone disorder resulting in skeletal malformations.
- It stems from vitamin D deficiency and impairs bone mineralization during growth development.
- Manifestations include short stature, odd-shaped skull, pigeon chest, wide joints, and bowlegs.
Paget's Disease
- Paget's disease is a bone neoplasm characterized by increased bone remodeling and formation, leading to bone enlargement and softening.
- Affected regions include the skull, vertebrae, sacrum, sternum, pelvis, and femur.
- A hallmark sign is a cotton wool patch appearance.
- It's the opposite of osteoporosis in that it is characterized by excessive formation and resorption of bone rather than reduced bone formation. It's a bone neoplasm with increased osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity.
Osteomyelitis
- Osteomyelitis is a bacterial infection of bone and marrow, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
- Infections can be endogenous (spreading from another site) or exogenous (from an external source like a wound).
- Inflammation can lead to thrombosing vessels, exudate filling canals, disrupting blood supply and leading to necrosis of underlying bone and sequestrum formation.
- Complications include delayed wound healing and infections spreading to other body sites (septicimia).
Osteonecrosis
- Osteonecrosis is a condition where bone dies due to a lack of blood supply.
- Involves hypoxia, ischemia, and necrosis.
- Causes include bone fractures, thrombosis or embolism, vessel injury, compartment syndrome, and steroid therapy.
Bone Tumors
- A wide range of tumors can develop in bones, originating from various types of cells like osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and fibroblasts.
- These develop into various types of bone tumors (e.g., osteosarcoma, osteoid osteoma).
Benign Bone Tumors: Chondroma, Osteochondroma, and Osteoclastoma
- Chondromas are hyaline cartilage-derived tumors, including subgroups like enchondromas, subperiosteal/juxtacortical chondromas.
- Osteochondromas are cartilage-capped tumors with bony stalks, typically forming in childhood or adolescence. They are usually benign exostoses.
- Osteoclastomas are giant cell tumors, formed from mononuclear and osteoclast-type giant cells, exhibiting behavior similar to malignant tumors; the tumors are usually benign but may exhibit aggressive behavior.
Malignant Bone Tumors: Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, and Ewing Sarcoma
- Osteosarcomas are the most frequent primary malignant bone tumors, typically showing up in adolescents.
- Fast-growth areas are the typical locations.
- Metastasis to the lungs is a common event after amputation.
- Chondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage tumors arising from chondrocytes. They tend to occur in older adults and usually metastasize to the lungs, skeleton, and soft tissues.
- Ewing Sarcomas are childhood malignant bone tumors originating from mesenchymal stem cells.
- May involve pelvis, femur, humerus, ribs, and clavicle.
- Some have a genetic linkage.
Variations in Growth & Development:
- Angular and torsional deformities: include in toeing/out toeing.
- Femoral torsion/tibial torsion
- Genu varum-bowlegged
- Genu valgum-knock-kneed
Congenital Disorders:
- Osteogenesis imperfecta: a brittle bone disorder deriving from a collagen gene mutation affecting connective tissue synthesis.
- Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH): a developmental disorder manifesting in hip subluxation or dislocation.
Juvenile Osteochondroses: Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease, Osgood-Schlatter Disease
- Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: a disorder affecting the hip, leading to necrosis of the femoral head due to interrupted blood supply..
- Osgood-Schlater disease: Inflammation of the area beneath the patellar tendon attaching to the tibia.
Scoliosis
- Scoliosis is a misalignment of the spine, often requiring surgical intervention. Characterized by curvatures and possible rib deformities.
Arthritis
- Umbrella term for joint inflammation.
Osteoarthritis
- Common sites include weight-bearing joints like the hip, knee, hands, and spine.
- Characterized by cartilage wear and tear, underlying bone sclerosis, and osteophyte formation.
- Possible joint fusion.
Reactive Arthritis
- Sterile joint inflammation stemming from previous infections (GI or STI).
- Includes Reiter's syndrome (arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis) and enteropathic arthritis (associated with inflammatory bowel disease).
Psoriatic Arthritis
- Seronegative inflammatory arthropathy often associated with psoriasis.
- Can have oligoarticular, spondylitis, polyarticular, distal interphalangeal, and mutilans forms.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Autoimmune disease leading to joint inflammation with synovial membrane inflammation, and involvement of articular cartilage, joint capsules, ligaments, and tendons.
- Common hand joint involvement & potential complications.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Type III hypersensitivity reaction.
- Autoantibodies target self molecules (cells, plasma, cytoplasm).
- Wide range of symptoms are possible, including arthralgia, skin rashes, kidney involvement, and cardiovascular issues.
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
- Autoimmune disease leading to widespread inflammation, fibrous tissue deposition, and hardening of connective tissue and internal organs.
- Subtypes based on diffuse vs limited patterns.
Spondyloarthropathies
- Multisystem inflammatory disorders.
- Sacroilitis is a key diagnostic feature.
- Inflammation begins at tendon and ligament insertions into bone.
- Axial subtypes (e.g., ankylosing spondylitis) and peripheral subtypes (e.g., reactive arthritis).
Ankylosing Spondylitis
- Axial spondyloarthropathy marked by spinal inflammation that may cause fusion of joints.
- Affects various tissues/structures like enthesitis sites (tendons, ligaments).
- Enthesitis regions include shoulders, hips, knees, and heels.
- Possible spinal curvature (kyphosis).
- Can affect eye (uveitis) health adversely.
- Involves the costovertebral and costosternal joints.
Gouty Arthritis
- Caused by uric acid crystallization in joints and tissues resulting from purine metabolism or excretion disorders.
- This causes inflammation of joints.
Rheumatic Diseases in Children
- Categories and specific illnesses targeting joints: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (various types, oligo vs polyarticular), Juvenile Spondyloarthropathies (associations with inflammatory bowel diseases), and Juvenile Dermatomyositis (autoimmune disorder, proximal muscle weakness, rash).
Rheumatic Diseases in the Elderly
- Common conditions that involve arthritis: Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis (older vs younger onset), Crystal-induced arthropathies (Gout, Pseudogout), and other inflammatory conditions like Polymyalgia Rheumatica (risk for giant cell arteritis).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge about the role of osteoblasts and other critical elements in bone health. This quiz covers essential vitamins, hormones, and factors contributing to conditions like osteopenia. Explore how these components work together to maintain healthy bones.
