Bone Fractures Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes a comminuted fracture?

  • The bone is shattered into multiple fragments (correct)
  • The bone is pulled away from its attachment
  • A clean break through the bone
  • A simple crack that does not disrupt the skin

What is a common outcome associated with avulsion fractures?

  • Loss of small segments of bone (correct)
  • Increased blood supply to the area
  • Non-disruption of the skin
  • Complete fracture without fragment separation

Which statement best describes a compound fracture?

  • This type of fracture is always caused by high-impact collisions
  • The skin is disrupted, exposing the bone (correct)
  • The skin remains intact over the fracture
  • The fracture is Only partial, affecting less than half of the bone

Which type of fracture is likely to require amputation if torn?

<p>Comminuted fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a significant complication of a comminuted fracture?

<p>Massive inflammatory response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an angulated fracture?

<p>Bone fragments are at an angle to each other. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are displaced fractures defined?

<p>Bone fragments are displaced from their anatomical position. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes rotated fractures?

<p>Bone fragments are twisted along the longitudinal axis of other fragments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture is commonly associated with a fall impacting the wrist?

<p>Colle’s fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a shortened fracture indicate?

<p>The end of the bone has shortened compared to its anatomical position. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a simple fracture?

<p>It has a single linear disruption. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture is defined as having more than two segments?

<p>Complex fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of reducing a complex fracture?

<p>No contact between the main fragments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fracture type is described as having bone fragments driven inward?

<p>Depressed fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A hairline fracture is categorized under which degree of stability?

<p>Stable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture occurs when the bone does not completely break, forming a bulging fracture site?

<p>Torus fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the characteristics of a longitudinal fracture?

<p>Runs parallel along the length of the bone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the muscle when a fracture occurs and causes spasm?

<p>It binds the bone at either end of the fracture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a Grade II sprain?

<p>Partial tear of the ligament with moderate pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which injury type involves displacement of bone ends at a joint?

<p>Dislocation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of external fixation?

<p>To hold the bone in place after manipulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes tendonitis?

<p>Inflammation of tendons that can cause permanent damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of a Grade III sprain?

<p>Complete tear of the ligament with instability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of injury is categorized as a partial dislocation?

<p>Subluxation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a separation refer to in joint injuries?

<p>Dislocation at a cartilaginous joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint injury is most likely to cause damage to surrounding nerves?

<p>Dislocation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture occurs at the ends of the bones?

<p>Epiphyseal fracture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the increased risk of fractures in elderly individuals?

<p>Osteoporosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do malleolar fractures frequently occur?

<p>At the ankle region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture is characterized by a break at the shaft of the bone?

<p>Diaphyseal fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fracture is commonly associated with the weight-bearing region of the body?

<p>Proximal femur fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the severity of fractures?

<p>Fractures can vary in severity based on their anatomical location and impact. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of improperly landing after a jump?

<p>Malleolar fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture often involves the proximal femur?

<p>Intertrochanteric fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the repair process following a fracture?

<p>Hemorrhage into the site (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms a procallus during the healing process of a bone fracture?

<p>Infiltration of inflammatory cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for remodeling the bone tissue during healing?

<p>Osteoclasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complication can arise from a fracture due to pressure on surrounding tissue?

<p>Hemorrhage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process contributes to the formation of a callus during bone healing?

<p>Lengthening of collagen strands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical symptom of a fracture?

<p>Swelling at the fracture site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of osteoblasts in the healing process of bone fractures?

<p>Formation of new bone tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can lead to delayed union at a fracture site?

<p>Inadequate blood supply (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during neovascularization in bone healing?

<p>Formation of new blood vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not a common sign of a fracture?

<p>Heavy appetite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can complicate the healing of a fracture?

<p>Infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of osteoclastic activity during bone remodeling?

<p>Removal of old tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crepitus in the context of fractures?

<p>A grating or crackling sound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the periosteum in bone healing?

<p>Contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Fracture

A break in a bone.

Epiphyseal fracture

A fracture at the end of a long bone.

Diaphyseal fracture

A break in the shaft (middle) of a long bone.

Intertrochanteric fracture

A fracture in the region of the femur between the greater and lesser trochanters.

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Malleolar fracture

A fracture of the ankle bone (malleolus).

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Common fracture locations (young)

Hands, clavicles, and humerus.

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Common fracture locations (elderly)

Proximal femur, pelvis, vertebrae.

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Osteoporosis

Condition weakening bones, increasing fracture risks

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Simple Fracture

A single break in the bone, dividing it into two fragments.

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Complex Fracture

A fracture with multiple fragments.

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Transverse Fracture

A break in the bone that is perpendicular to the bone's long axis.

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Oblique Fracture

A break in the bone at an angle.

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Spiral Fracture

A fracture that twists around the bone.

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Longitudinal Fracture

A fracture along the bone's long axis.

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Impacted Fracture

A fracture where one bone fragment is driven into another.

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Greenstick Fracture

An incomplete fracture; common in children.

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Comminuted Fracture

A fracture where the bone is broken into multiple pieces.

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Avulsion Fracture

A fracture where a piece of bone is torn away from the main bone by a ligament or tendon.

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Closed Fracture

A fracture where the skin is not broken.

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Compound (Open) Fracture

A fracture where the skin is broken and the bone is exposed.

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Torus Fracture

A fracture where the bone is bent, but not completely broken.

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Angulated Fracture

Bone fragments are at an angle to each other. The bone is not in its normal alignment.

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Displaced Fracture

Bone fragments are not in their anatomical position. The bone is out of place.

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Rotated Fracture

Bone fragments are twisted along the longitudinal axis of the bone.

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Shortened Fracture

One end of the bone is shortened due to the fracture.

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Compound Fracture

A fracture where the broken bone pierces the skin.

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Closed Reduction

A procedure where a bone is repositioned without making an incision. Manipulation and traction are used to return the bone to its natural position.

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Open Reduction

A procedure where an incision is made to surgically reposition a displaced bone. This is typically followed by internal or external fixation to stabilize the bone.

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Internal Fixation

A surgical technique where screws, plates, or rods are used inside the body to stabilize a broken bone.

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External Fixation

A method of bone stabilization where a frame is placed outside the body and attached to the bone with pins or wires.

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Sprain

An injury to a ligament, the strong tissue that connects bones. Sprains range in severity from mild stretching to complete tears.

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Dislocation

When the ends of bones in a joint are completely displaced from their normal position. This often involves tears to the ligaments and joint capsule.

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Subluxation

A partial dislocation of a joint. The bones are not completely out of place, but they are misaligned.

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Separation

A dislocation at a cartilaginous joint. This is usually caused by a forceful impact to the joint.

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Periosteum

A tough membrane that covers the outer surface of bones, providing nourishment and facilitating bone repair.

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Hematoma

A localized collection of blood that forms at the site of a fracture, creating a foundation for bone repair.

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Procallus

An early stage of bone healing, characterized by the formation of a soft, fibrous network that bridges the fracture gap.

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Callus

A hard, bony tissue that develops at the site of a fracture, gradually replacing the procallus as bone healing progresses.

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Osteoblasts

Bone-building cells that deposit new bone tissue, playing a vital role in bone repair.

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Osteoclasts

Bone-resorbing cells that break down old bone tissue, removing unnecessary or damaged bone during the healing process.

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Bone Remodeling

The continuous process of replacing old bone tissue with new, stronger bone tissue, ensuring bone health and strength.

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What triggers bone repair?

The formation of a hematoma at the fracture site initiates the body's repair process.

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Explain the role of osteoclasts in bone healing.

Osteoclasts break down old, damaged bone tissue surrounding the fracture, creating space for new bone growth.

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What is a soft tissue injury?

Damage to muscles, nerves, or the central nervous system near the fracture site.

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What is a fat embolism?

A dangerous complication of a fracture, where fat particles from bone marrow enter the bloodstream, potentially leading to lung damage.

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What is a deformity?

An abnormal shape or position of the bone after a fracture, potentially impacting function.

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What are the signs and symptoms of a fracture?

Pain, swelling, decreased mobility, deformity, crepitus (a crackling sound), muscle spasms, and impaired sensation.

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What is crepitus?

A crackling sound that occurs when the broken ends of bone move against each other.

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What is delayed union?

A fracture that takes longer than expected to heal, often due to poor blood supply or medical conditions like diabetes.

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Study Notes

Skeletal Trauma

  • Skeletal trauma encompasses various disorders, including trauma, infections, neoplasms, and childhood disorders.
  • Fractures are a common form of skeletal trauma.
  • Fractures are characterized by discontinuity of bone.
  • Common fracture locations in younger individuals include the hands, clavicles, and humerus.
  • Proximal femur, pelvis, and vertebrae are common fracture sites in older adults.

Fracture Classification

  • Fractures are classified based on various characteristics, including:

  • Type:

    • Simple: Involves two segments.
    • Complex: Involves more than two segments.
    • Open (Compound): Skin is disrupted.
    • Closed (Simple): Skin is intact.
    • Comminuted: Multiple fragments.
    • Greenstick: Incomplete fracture, mostly in children.
    • Oblique: At an angle.
    • Transverse: Perpendicular to the bone's longitudinal axis.
    • Spiral: In a spiral fashion.
    • Longitudinal: Along the length of the bone.
    • Impacted: Fragment driven into the bone medulla.

  • Location:

    • Epiphyseal: At bone ends (proximal, distal).
    • Diaphyseal: At the bone's shaft.
    • Intertrochanteric: Specific to the proximal femur.
    • Malleolar: Involves ankle bones

  • Stability:

    • Stable: Not movable.
    • Unstable: Movable.
    • Impacted: Fragment driven into the bone medulla.
    • Linear: Hairline fracture (minimal disruption).
    • Depressed: Bone fragments driven inward (usually skull fractures).

  • Geometry:

    • Transverse: Perpendicular to the bone's longitudinal axis.
    • Oblique: At an angle.
    • Spiral: In a spiral fashion.
    • Longitudinal: Along the length of the bone.

Trauma to Joints

  • Joint injuries include sprains, dislocations, subluxations, and separations.

  • Sprain:

    • Grade I: Mild stretching of ligaments.
    • Grade II: Partial tear of ligaments.
    • Grade III: Complete tear of ligaments with instability.

  • Dislocation:

    • Displacement of bone ends at a joint.
    • Joint capsule and ligaments tear when dislocated.

  • Subluxation:

    • Partial dislocation of a joint.

  • Separation:

    • Dislocation at a cartilaginous joint.

Complications of Fractures

  • Soft tissue (muscle, nerve, CNS) injuries are common.
  • Hemorrhage: Blood loss at the injury site.
  • Infection: Can complicate fracture healing.
  • Fat embolism: Dislodged fat from marrow leads to pulmonary complications.
  • Deformity: Uneven or misaligned bone resulting from the injury.

Signs and Symptoms of Fractures

  • Pain
  • Impaired sensation
  • Decreased mobility
  • Muscle spasm
  • Deformity
  • Swelling
  • Loss of function
  • Crepitus (grating sound or sensation).

Treatment of Fractures

  • Closed Reduction: Manipulation and repositioning of bone fragments.
  • Open Reduction: Surgical procedure to fix the fracture.
  • Internal fixation: Surgical insertion of plates, screws, rods to stabilize the fracture.
  • External fixation: External bars and pins to stabilize a fracture.

Tendonitis and Bursitis

  • Tendonitis: Inflammation of tendons, causing flexibility loss, pain and scarring from overuse.

  • Bursitis: Inflammation of bursae, protective fluid-filled sacs, common in the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee.

  • Causes: Systemic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis), chronic friction / trauma, crystal deposition, infection.

  • Diagnosis: Medical history, physical exam, X-rays (to rule out bone abnormalities), MRIs (to detect tendinitis), screening tests (CBC, rheumatoid factor).

  • Prevention: Eliminate provoking factors, proper conditioning, gradual activity introduction, warm-up/stretching, and proper gear.

  • Treatment: Lidocaine/steroid injections, analgesics + exercise, NSAIDs, acupuncture, physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT).

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Skeletal Trauma PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on various types of bone fractures. This quiz covers key characteristics, outcomes, and complications associated with fractures like comminuted, compound, and avulsion fractures. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of orthopedic terminology.

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