Bone Fractures Overview

What is the primary cause of most fractures?

Which type of fracture can be caused by repeated minor trauma?

In which situation can torsional stresses from certain sports lead to fractures?

What may cause fractures in individuals with Osteoporosis?

How are fractures classified based on the direction or pattern of the fracture line?

An interruption/break in the continuity of the bone is known as a fracture (Fx) either complete or ______

Fractures occur when more stress is placed on the bone than it is able to ______

Most fractures are due to trauma either from a direct blow or ______

Torsional stresses from certain sports can cause fractures and repeated minor trauma may cause ______ fractures

Pathological diseases such as Osteoporosis and certain bone cancers may also result in ______

What is the most common type of fracture?

Which ligament is commonly affected in a Colle's fracture?

What deformity is associated with a Colle's fracture?

What are the mechanisms of injury for a Colle's fracture?

What type of force can cause a Pott's fracture?

What is the most common carpal bone to dislocate?

What is a common clinical sign of a scaphoid fracture?

Why are scaphoid fractures difficult to detect on regular x-rays?

What type of fracture occurs when the ends of bones break through the skin or into one of the body cavities?

What complication can arise from a scaphoid fracture due to the limited blood supply to the bone?

Which carpal bone is particularly prone to avascular necrosis following a fracture?

______ fracture - bone is broken into 2 or more pieces

______ fracture - bones are bent/cracked

______- Difficult to keep together but when splinted heals more rapidly

______- Difficult to keep together but when splinted heals more rapidly

______ fracture- Stays in place after reduction, either by traction or surgery to bring surfaces closer together. Takes a long time to heal

What type of fracture is difficult to keep together but heals more rapidly when splinted?

Which type of fracture involves bones being bent or cracked?

In which type of fracture do ligaments pull a portion of bone away from its attachment point?

Which type of fracture involves fragments of articular cartilage being sheared off during dislocation or sprain?

What type of fracture is hard to heal because it often involves more than 2 unstable pieces?

In Stage 1 of healing for fractures, a hematoma forms at the fracture site. A small portion of bone immediately adjacent to the fracture die back several millimeters and get reabsorbed. This stage is characterized by the formation of a ______

Soft callus formation or splint from osteoblast occurs in Stage 3 of healing for fractures. Osteoclasts are present to clean up dead bone and debris. Fibrous immature bone or woven bone calcify and movement at the fractured ends decrease. Union at ends occur at 4 weeks. However, because bone is not mature it is unable to withstand stress. Fracture site is tender. At this stage, cast is removed in non-weight bearing limbs. This stage is known as ______ formation.

Consolidation from immature woven bone changes to mature lamellar bone in Stage 4 of healing for fractures, which indicates complete repair. There is a thickened mass from the new bone and it varies in size. This stage is called ______.

Remodeling of the outer surface and reshaping of marrow space occurs through osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity in Stage 5 of healing for fractures. The bone is strengthened and thickened along the lines of stress (Wolff's law). Surplus of bone formed during the healing process is gradually removed and eventually the bone structure appears very similar to the original. This process is known as ______.

Cells osteoblast/preosteoblast in deep surfaces of the periosteum proliferate adjacent to the fracture site in Stage 2 of healing for fractures. As well, cells form endosteum in each fragment proliferates to form a fibrocartilaginous bridge between the two ends. Hematoma is gradually absorbed. This stage is characterized by subperiosteal and endosteal ______.

In Stage 3 of healing for fractures, soft callus formation or splint from osteoblast occurs. Osteoclasts are present to clean up dead bone and debris. Fibrous immature bone or woven bone calcify and movement at the fractured ends decrease. Union at ends occur at 4 weeks. However, because bone is not mature it is unable to withstand stress. Fracture site is tender. At this stage, cast is removed in non-weight bearing limbs. This stage is known as ______ formation.

What type of reduction may involve the use of weights or screws to relieve muscle spasm?

In surgical methods of repairing fractures, what does open reduction involve dealing with to prevent complications?

Which method of fracture repair is used when alignment is poor and positions are lost with angulation?

What type of fractures stay in place after reduction, either by traction or surgery to bring surfaces closer together?

What type of reduction may involve the use of intramedullary nails, plates and screws, or wiring?

What type of fracture requires a functional brace after a period of traction?

Which type of immobilization method allows the client to manually pump air to brace the lower limb?

In what type of fracture is the frame adjusted to provide correct alignment and compression of fractured bone pieces?

Which type of fracture is caused by torsional stresses from certain sports activities?

What immobilization method involves a pulley to maintain reduction in femur, tibia, and cervical spine injuries?

Compartment Syndrome - swelling with edema, hematoma, or inflammation increases pressure in fascial compartment. Leads to cycle of decrease circulation (ischemia) of muscles in compartment then more edema to the point of muscle and nervous tissue necrosis within the compartment. Loose cast syndrome- cast too loose rubs on bony prominence causing skin abrasion. Skin necrosis can develop. Late (Few weeks to several to several years): Delayed union-bones do not unite in time frame due to inadequate circulation, excessive traction, infection, and insufficient splint. Can also angulate if stress is placed on it. Non-union-failure of bone to heal before consolidation process finishes; due to excessive traction, bone loss, bone/soft tissue infection. Mal-union-deformity occurs due to improper alignment of bone ends when fracture is reduced or displaced of ends in cast. Leads to altered biomechanics, which can further lead to tendonitis, bursitis, OA, and painful ROM. This process is known as ______.

In Stage 1 of healing for fractures, a hematoma forms at the fracture site. A small portion of bone immediately adjacent to the fracture die back several millimeters and get reabsorbed. This stage is characterized by the formation of a ______.

Soft callus formation or splint from osteoblast occurs in Stage 3 of healing for fractures. Osteoclasts are present to clean up dead bone and debris. Fibrous immature bone or woven bone calcify and movement at the fractured ends decrease. Union at ends occur at 4 weeks. However, because bone is not mature it is unable to withstand stress. Fracture site is tender. At this stage, cast is removed in non-weight bearing limbs. This stage is known as ______ formation.

Consolidation from immature woven bone changes to mature lamellar bone in Stage 4 of healing for fractures, which indicates complete repair. There is a thickened mass from the new bone and it varies in size. This stage is called ______.

An interruption/break in the continuity of the bone is known as a fracture (Fx) either complete or ______.

Most fractures are due to trauma either from a direct blow or ______.

Which condition results from a lack of blood supply and can lead to bone death?

What is the primary cause of metal hardware inflammation in fractures according to the given text?

Which complication arises when bone ends are too far apart during healing, resulting in a failure to join together?

What type of fractures may occur due to torsional stresses from certain sports activities?

In which stage of fracture healing does consolidation occur, indicating complete repair with strengthened bone?

What is a common symptom immediately post fracture that may indicate a complication?

Which sign immediately post fracture may suggest disuse atrophy as a potential long-term complication?

What is a possible early complication post fixation/cast for a fracture besides pain and swelling?

During the immediate post-fracture period, what might indicate fragility in the affected tissue for a patient?

Which symptom following post fixation could suggest the presence of surgical scars and adhesions as long-term complications?

_______ fracture - bone is broken into 2 or more pieces

What is the primary cause of most fractures? ______

Which ligament is commonly affected in a Colle's fracture?

What is a common clinical sign of a scaphoid fracture?

______- Difficult to keep together but when splinted heals more rapidly

What is a precaution to take before using deep longitudinal techniques in patients?

When should onsite work be considered for patients with stress fractures?

What is a potential risk when applying overpressures before consolidation in fracture cases?

Which situation warrants caution with passive stretching in patients recovering from fractures?

What is an essential consideration when using hot hydrotherapy in patients with metal implants, pins, or plates?

During the early stages after immobilization/cast off, what is a primary goal?

What is a goal during the later stages after immobilization/cast off?

In which stage of healing for fractures does consolidation occur, indicating complete repair?

What occurs in Stage 3 of healing for fractures?

What is a common misconception about fractures according to the text?

What is the purpose of applying heat to compensatory structures in the context of fracture treatment?

Why is Petrissage directly proximal to the cast recommended during fracture treatment?

What is a potential consequence of continuing lymphatic drainage techniques distal to the fracture site?

Why should joint play techniques not be used on fractured bones before union occurs?

Why should a therapist avoid traction on fractured bones before union according to the text?

What is the purpose of maintaining circulation using light stroking, muscle squeezing, and vibrations in distal joints during fracture treatment?

______ fracture - bones are broken into 2 or more pieces

What type of force can cause a Pott's fracture?

Which ligament is commonly affected in a Colle's fracture?

In Stage 1 of healing for fractures, a hematoma forms at the fracture site. A small portion of bone immediately adjacent to the fracture die back several millimeters and get reabsorbed. This stage is characterized by the formation of a ______.

Fractures occur when more stress is placed on the bone than it is able to ______

What is the purpose of maintaining circulation using light stroking, muscle squeezing, and vibrations in distal joints during fracture treatment?

Heat can be used immediately proximal to the cast to prevent congestion under the cast.

In fracture treatment, Petrissage should be done directly proximal to the cast.

Joint play grade 1 and 2 oscillations should be avoided on fractured bones before union occurs.

Lymphatic drainage techniques should be continued distal to the fracture site to prevent congestion under the cast.

Light isometric contractions should only be done on muscles adjacent and under the cast during fracture treatment.