Bone Classification Overview

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Questions and Answers

What are the functions of the bones?

Support, Protection, Movement, Storage, Blood cell formation

What are the 2 types of bone?

Compact & spongy

What are the different types of bones?

Long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone

What is compact bone?

Dense and looks smooth and homogeneous Signup and view all the answers

What is spongy bone?

Composed of small needle-like pieces of bone and lots of open space Signup and view all the answers

What are long bones?

Typically longer than they are wide, with a shaft and heads at both ends, containing mostly compact bone Signup and view all the answers

What are short bones?

Generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone Signup and view all the answers

What are flat bones?

Thin, flattened, and usually curved with two layers of compact bone surrounding a layer of spongy bone Signup and view all the answers

What are irregular bones?

Bones of strange or irregular shape Signup and view all the answers

(Long bone structure) What is the diaphysis?

The shaft of the bone, composed of compact bone Signup and view all the answers

(Long bone structure) What are epiphyses?

The ends of the long bone, consisting of compact bone and spongy bone Signup and view all the answers

(Long bone structure) What is the epiphyseal line?

A thin line in adult bones that marks the previous location of the epiphyseal plate Signup and view all the answers

(Long bone structure) What is the epiphyseal plate?

A flat plate of hyaline cartilage that facilitates lengthwise growth in young bones Signup and view all the answers

(Long bone structure) What is the yellow marrow (or medullary) cavity?

A storage area for adipose (fat) tissue in adults Signup and view all the answers

(Long bone structure) What is red marrow?

Found in the cavities of spongy bone in adults, and in yellow marrow in infants Signup and view all the answers

What is bone layout?

Osteocytes are mature bone cells found within lacunae, arranged in concentric circles called lamellae Signup and view all the answers

What is the bone membrane?

The periosteum Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functions of Bones

Support the body and provide structure.
Protect vital organs from injury.
Facilitate movement through attachment to muscles.
Store essential minerals and fats, particularly calcium and phosphorus.
Produce blood cells within the bone marrow.

Types of Bone

Two main types:
- Compact Bone: Dense and smooth in appearance.
- Spongy Bone: Composed of small, needle-like pieces and contains many open spaces.

Classification of Bones

Long Bones: Longer than wide, with shafts and heads at both ends. Predominantly made of compact bone. Examples include all limb bones except patella and wrist/ankle bones.
Short Bones: Cube-shaped, primarily spongy bone. Examples include wrist and ankle bones, as well as sesamoid bones like the patella.
Flat Bones: Thin and curved, featuring two layers of compact bone with a spongy bone layer in between. Examples include skull bones, ribs, and sternum.
Irregular Bones: Unusual shapes that do not fit into other categories. Examples include vertebrae and hip bones.

Long Bone Structure

Diaphysis: The shaft of the long bone, primarily made of compact bone, covered by the periosteum, secured with Sharpey's fibers.
Epiphyses: Ends of the long bone, surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone and filled with spongy bone. Covered in articular cartilage for smooth joint movement.
Epiphyseal Line: Remnant of the epiphyseal plate in adult bones, marking the location where growth occurred.
Epiphyseal Plate: Hyaline cartilage in growing bones promoting lengthwise growth, which is replaced by bone at puberty.
Yellow Marrow Cavity: In adults, serves as a fat storage area; in infants, it produces blood cells and contains red marrow.
Red Marrow: Found in infants within yellow marrow; in adults, it mainly resides in the spongy bone of flat bones and the epiphyses of long bones.

Bone Layout

Osteocytes: Mature bone cells located in tiny cavities called lacunae.
Lacunae: Arranged in concentric circles known as lamellae around central (Haversian) canals.
Osteon/Haversian System: The structural unit of compact bone, containing central canals for blood vessels and nerves.
Canaliculi: Tiny canals that connect lacunae to central canals, facilitating nutrient supply to bone cells.
Perforating (Volkmann’s) Canals: Channels running perpendicular to central canals, aiding communication between the exterior and interior of the bone.

Bone Membrane

Periosteum: A fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of bones, essential for growth, repair, and nutrient supply.

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Description

Test your knowledge on bone classification and the functions of bones with these flashcards. Explore the differences between compact and spongy bone, and familiarize yourself with various types of bones including long, short, flat, and irregular bones.