Questions and Answers
How are bones classified?
According to their shape.
What are the 5 categories of bone? (Hint: SLIFS)
Short bones, Long bones, Irregular bones, Flat bones, Sesamoid bones.
What shape are short bones?
Cuboidal.
Where are short bones only found? Name the 2 locations.
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Long bones are what type of structure?
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Give 2 examples of long bones in the human skeleton.
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What function is usually served by flat bones?
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Give an example of a protective function provided by flat bones.
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What sort of shape do irregular bones have?
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Where do sesamoid bones develop?
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Give 2 locations where sesamoid bones may be found.
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What function do sesamoid bones have? And what effect do they have on the tendons?
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Where do bone markings appear? Name the 2 examples.
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How might other formations occur? Give the 2 examples.
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What is a condyle?
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Provide the 5 examples of condyles in the skeleton, and which joint they form a part of.
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What is a crest?
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Give an example of a crest.
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What is an epicondyle?
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Give 4 examples of epicondyles in the body.
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What is a facet?
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Give an example of facets in the skeleton.
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What is a foramen?
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Give an example of a foramen.
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What do foramina typically allow to pass through?
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What is a fossa?
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Give an example of a fossa.
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What is a line (linea)?
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What is an example of a line?
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What is a malleolus?
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Where is the medial malleolus, and what is it formed by?
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Where is the lateral malleolus, and what is it formed by?
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What is a notch?
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Give an example of a notch.
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What is a process?
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Give an example of a process.
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Study Notes
Bone Classification
- Bones are classified based on their shape.
- Five categories include:
- Short bones
- Long bones
- Irregular bones
- Flat bones
- Sesamoid bones
Short Bones
- Short bones have a cuboidal shape.
- Found exclusively in the ankle (tarsus) and wrist (carpus).
Long Bones
- Long bones are tubular structures.
- Examples in the human skeleton include:
- Humerus in the arm
- Phalanges in the fingers
Flat Bones
- Primarily serve protective functions.
- Example: Bones of the cranium safeguard the brain.
Irregular Bones
- Irregular bones possess various shapes not falling under short, long, or flat categories.
- Commonly found in the face.
Sesamoid Bones
- Develop within certain tendons.
- Notable locations include:
- Patella (kneecap)
Functions of Sesamoid Bones
- Protect tendons from wear and strain.
- Alter the angle of tendons as they connect to attachments.
Bone Markings
- Appear where tendons, ligaments, or fascia attach or where arteries are located adjacent to bones.
Formation of Bone Markings
- Related to tendon passage.
- Generated to influence joint movement types.
Condyles
- Rounded areas at the ends of bones where they articulate.
- Examples:
- Medial and lateral condyles of the femur (knee joint)
- Medial and lateral condyles of the tibia (knee joint)
- Humerus condyle (elbow joint)
- Mandibular condyle (temporomandibular joint)
- Occipital condyles (atlanto-occipital joint)
Crest
- Defined as a ridge of bone.
- Example: Iliac crest.
Epicondyle
- An eminence located above a condyle.
- Four examples found in the body:
- Medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus
- Medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur
Facet
- Smooth flat surfaces, usually cartilaginous, where bones meet.
- Example: Articular facets of a vertebra.
Foramen
- Describes a passage through a bone.
- Example: Obturator foramen.
- Typically allows passage for muscles, nerves, arteries, veins, and other structures.
Fossa
- Refers to a hollow or depressed area in a bone.
- Example: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula.
Line (Linea)
- Characterized as a linear elevation.
- Example: Soleal line of the tibia.
Malleolus
- Round prominence located on each side of the ankle.
- Medial malleolus: inner ankle prominence formed by the lower end of the tibia.
- Lateral malleolus: outer ankle prominence formed by the lower end of the fibula.
Notch
- An indentation along the edge of a bone.
- Example: Greater sciatic notch on the hip bone's posterior border.
Process
- Defined as a projecting spine-like part of a bone.
- Example: Spinous process of a vertebra.
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Description
Test your knowledge on bone classification and markings with these flashcards. The quiz covers the different shapes and categories of bones, along with their specific characteristics and locations in the body. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the fundamental concepts of skeletal anatomy!
