Bone Classification and Markings Quiz
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Questions and Answers

How are bones classified?

According to their shape.

What are the 5 categories of bone? (Hint: SLIFS)

Short bones, Long bones, Irregular bones, Flat bones, Sesamoid bones.

What shape are short bones?

Cuboidal.

Where are short bones only found? Name the 2 locations.

<p>The ankle (tarsus) and the wrist (carpus).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Long bones are what type of structure?

<p>Tubular structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give 2 examples of long bones in the human skeleton.

<p>Humerus - in the arm; Phalanges - in the fingers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function is usually served by flat bones?

<p>Protective functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a protective function provided by flat bones.

<p>The bones of the cranium protect the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sort of shape do irregular bones have?

<p>Various shapes other than short, long, or flat; e.g. those in the face.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do sesamoid bones develop?

<p>They develop in certain tendons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give 2 locations where sesamoid bones may be found.

<p>Patella and Kneecap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function do sesamoid bones have? And what effect do they have on the tendons?

<p>These bones protect the tendons from excessive wear and they often change the angle of the tendons as they pass to their attachments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do bone markings appear? Name the 2 examples.

<p>They appear wherever tendons, ligaments, or fascia are attached or where arteries lie adjacent to or enter bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might other formations occur? Give the 2 examples.

<p>In relation to the passage of a tendon and to control the type of movement occurring at a joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a condyle?

<p>The rounded articular area at the end of a bone; e.g., condyles of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide the 5 examples of condyles in the skeleton, and which joint they form a part of.

<p>Femur (in knee joint) - medial and lateral condyle; Tibia (in knee joint) - medial and lateral condyle; Humerus (in elbow joint) - condyle of humerus; Mandible (in temporomandibular joint) - mandibular condyle; Occipital bone (in atlanto-occipital joint) - occipital condyles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crest?

<p>The ridge of bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a crest.

<p>Iliac crest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an epicondyle?

<p>An eminence superior to a condyle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give 4 examples of epicondyles in the body.

<p>Medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus; Medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a facet?

<p>A smooth flat area, usually covered with cartilage, where a bone articulates with another bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of facets in the skeleton.

<p>Articular facets of a vertebra.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a foramen?

<p>A passage through a bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a foramen.

<p>Obturator foramen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do foramina typically allow to pass through?

<p>Muscles, nerves, arteries, veins, and other structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fossa?

<p>A hollow or depressed area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a fossa.

<p>Infraspinous fossa of the scapula.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a line (linea)?

<p>Linear elevation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a line?

<p>Soleal line of the tibia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a malleolus?

<p>A rounded prominence on each side of the human ankle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the medial malleolus, and what is it formed by?

<p>It is the prominence on the inner side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the tibia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the lateral malleolus, and what is it formed by?

<p>The prominence on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the fibula.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notch?

<p>An indentation at the edge of a bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a notch.

<p>Greater sciatic notch in the posterior border of the hip bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a process?

<p>A projecting spine-like part.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a process.

<p>Spinous process of a vertebra.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Classification

  • Bones are classified based on their shape.
  • Five categories include:
    • Short bones
    • Long bones
    • Irregular bones
    • Flat bones
    • Sesamoid bones

Short Bones

  • Short bones have a cuboidal shape.
  • Found exclusively in the ankle (tarsus) and wrist (carpus).

Long Bones

  • Long bones are tubular structures.
  • Examples in the human skeleton include:
    • Humerus in the arm
    • Phalanges in the fingers

Flat Bones

  • Primarily serve protective functions.
  • Example: Bones of the cranium safeguard the brain.

Irregular Bones

  • Irregular bones possess various shapes not falling under short, long, or flat categories.
  • Commonly found in the face.

Sesamoid Bones

  • Develop within certain tendons.
  • Notable locations include:
    • Patella (kneecap)

Functions of Sesamoid Bones

  • Protect tendons from wear and strain.
  • Alter the angle of tendons as they connect to attachments.

Bone Markings

  • Appear where tendons, ligaments, or fascia attach or where arteries are located adjacent to bones.

Formation of Bone Markings

  • Related to tendon passage.
  • Generated to influence joint movement types.

Condyles

  • Rounded areas at the ends of bones where they articulate.
  • Examples:
    • Medial and lateral condyles of the femur (knee joint)
    • Medial and lateral condyles of the tibia (knee joint)
    • Humerus condyle (elbow joint)
    • Mandibular condyle (temporomandibular joint)
    • Occipital condyles (atlanto-occipital joint)

Crest

  • Defined as a ridge of bone.
  • Example: Iliac crest.

Epicondyle

  • An eminence located above a condyle.
  • Four examples found in the body:
    • Medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus
    • Medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur

Facet

  • Smooth flat surfaces, usually cartilaginous, where bones meet.
  • Example: Articular facets of a vertebra.

Foramen

  • Describes a passage through a bone.
  • Example: Obturator foramen.
  • Typically allows passage for muscles, nerves, arteries, veins, and other structures.

Fossa

  • Refers to a hollow or depressed area in a bone.
  • Example: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula.

Line (Linea)

  • Characterized as a linear elevation.
  • Example: Soleal line of the tibia.

Malleolus

  • Round prominence located on each side of the ankle.
  • Medial malleolus: inner ankle prominence formed by the lower end of the tibia.
  • Lateral malleolus: outer ankle prominence formed by the lower end of the fibula.

Notch

  • An indentation along the edge of a bone.
  • Example: Greater sciatic notch on the hip bone's posterior border.

Process

  • Defined as a projecting spine-like part of a bone.
  • Example: Spinous process of a vertebra.

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Description

Test your knowledge on bone classification and markings with these flashcards. The quiz covers the different shapes and categories of bones, along with their specific characteristics and locations in the body. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the fundamental concepts of skeletal anatomy!

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