Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of tendons in the skeletal system?
What is the primary function of tendons in the skeletal system?
Which type of bone tissue is characterized as being soft and spongy?
Which type of bone tissue is characterized as being soft and spongy?
What occurs at the epiphyseal plate until skeletal maturity?
What occurs at the epiphyseal plate until skeletal maturity?
What is the first step in the sequence of instruments to fixate a fractured bone?
What is the first step in the sequence of instruments to fixate a fractured bone?
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Which type of bone graft is obtained from a tissue bank?
Which type of bone graft is obtained from a tissue bank?
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What is the role of the periosteum in bone repair procedures?
What is the role of the periosteum in bone repair procedures?
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What characteristics define the structure of long bones?
What characteristics define the structure of long bones?
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding cancellous bone?
Which of the following statements is correct regarding cancellous bone?
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What is a significant advantage of using a Full Thickness Skin Graft (FTSG) over a Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)?
What is a significant advantage of using a Full Thickness Skin Graft (FTSG) over a Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of dressings in burn surgery?
Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of dressings in burn surgery?
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During burn surgery, why is it crucial to keep the room warm?
During burn surgery, why is it crucial to keep the room warm?
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What procedure involves removing the lens of the eye within its capsule?
What procedure involves removing the lens of the eye within its capsule?
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Which of the following statements about a Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG) is true?
Which of the following statements about a Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG) is true?
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What is the primary component mixed with methyl monomer to create bone cement?
What is the primary component mixed with methyl monomer to create bone cement?
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What is a critical safety consideration when using methyl monomer in the operating room?
What is a critical safety consideration when using methyl monomer in the operating room?
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What is one benefit of incorporating antibiotics into PMMA?
What is one benefit of incorporating antibiotics into PMMA?
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What is the primary goal of fracture surgery?
What is the primary goal of fracture surgery?
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Which of the following describes closed reduction in fracture surgery?
Which of the following describes closed reduction in fracture surgery?
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What is a key characteristic of external fixation in orthopedic surgery?
What is a key characteristic of external fixation in orthopedic surgery?
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What type of fracture is associated with a higher risk of infection?
What type of fracture is associated with a higher risk of infection?
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What is the standard procedure after handling a prosthesis?
What is the standard procedure after handling a prosthesis?
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Which biological indicator must be present for an implant to ensure successful sterilization?
Which biological indicator must be present for an implant to ensure successful sterilization?
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What is a potential result of excessive exposure to PMMA fumes?
What is a potential result of excessive exposure to PMMA fumes?
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What is considered the gold standard for intramedullary fixation due to its advantages?
What is considered the gold standard for intramedullary fixation due to its advantages?
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Which type of prosthetic is used in hip replacements to allow reduced friction?
Which type of prosthetic is used in hip replacements to allow reduced friction?
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What is the primary advantage of arthroscopic procedures compared to traditional surgery?
What is the primary advantage of arthroscopic procedures compared to traditional surgery?
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Which component is prepared first in a Total Hip Replacement surgery?
Which component is prepared first in a Total Hip Replacement surgery?
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Which type of fracture is specifically noted to be treated with intramedullary nails?
Which type of fracture is specifically noted to be treated with intramedullary nails?
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What is the purpose of the normal saline irrigation in arthroscopic surgery?
What is the purpose of the normal saline irrigation in arthroscopic surgery?
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Which of the following ligaments is NOT part of the knee joint structure?
Which of the following ligaments is NOT part of the knee joint structure?
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What is a primary complication associated with traditional plate and screw fixation compared to intramedullary fixation?
What is a primary complication associated with traditional plate and screw fixation compared to intramedullary fixation?
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Which of the following statements regarding modular methods in bilateral hip surgery is true?
Which of the following statements regarding modular methods in bilateral hip surgery is true?
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What is one of the common names for the intramedullary nail systems mentioned?
What is one of the common names for the intramedullary nail systems mentioned?
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Which hemostatic agent is specifically designed for scalp hemostasis?
Which hemostatic agent is specifically designed for scalp hemostasis?
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What is the role of the galea in cranial surgery?
What is the role of the galea in cranial surgery?
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What type of instrument is a Love Adson?
What type of instrument is a Love Adson?
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What is the purpose of a Mayfield head fixation device during neurosurgery?
What is the purpose of a Mayfield head fixation device during neurosurgery?
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In which type of flap surgery are the original blood vessels reconnected after harvesting?
In which type of flap surgery are the original blood vessels reconnected after harvesting?
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What aspect of neurosurgery necessitates careful padding of pressure points?
What aspect of neurosurgery necessitates careful padding of pressure points?
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What is the initial step in counting instruments during a neurosurgical procedure?
What is the initial step in counting instruments during a neurosurgical procedure?
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Which of the following is specifically used to produce uniform slits in a skin graft?
Which of the following is specifically used to produce uniform slits in a skin graft?
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What is typically a significant risk involved in neurosurgery procedures related to tissue dissection?
What is typically a significant risk involved in neurosurgery procedures related to tissue dissection?
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What is the purpose of neuro patties used in neurosurgery?
What is the purpose of neuro patties used in neurosurgery?
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Study Notes
Orthopedic Surgery Overview
- Muscles cover bones, facilitating movement in the skeletal system.
- Ligaments stabilize joints by connecting bones, while tendons transmit forces from muscles to bones.
- Cartilage, located at bone ends, provides support, and joints are the connections between bones.
Bone Tissue and Blood Supply
- Two types of bone tissue: cortical (hard outer shell) and cancellous (soft, spongy interior).
- Long bones have a shaft (diaphysis), two ends (epiphysis), and an epiphyseal plate present until maturity.
- The periosteum is a connective tissue covering all bones, essential for fracture repair.
Surgical Instruments for Fracture Fixation
- Sequence includes stabilizing the fracture with a bone holder, drilling, tapping for screws, measuring depth, and inserting screws with a screwdriver.
- A minor count is performed for all orthopedic cases.
Bone Grafts
- Bone grafts fill cavities, repair defects, and promote fracture union.
- Allografts are sourced from tissue banks, while autografts come from the patient's own bone.
- Cancellous bone, rich in vascularity, promotes better integration with host bone.
Bone Cement (PMMA)
- Created by mixing powdered Barium Sulfate with methyl monomer; it is radiopaque.
- Handling requires precaution due to flammability and fume exposure; antibiotic-impregnated cement reduces infection rates.
Prosthetic Handling
- Prosthetics must be handled carefully to prevent contamination or damage.
- Sterilization indicators are essential for implants; all relevant information must be documented.
Fracture Surgery
- Fractures can result from trauma, infection, or diseases like osteoporosis.
- Closed reduction involves manipulating fragments without incisions, confirmed by radiography.
- External fixation provides rigid support for severe fractures and soft tissue management.
Intramedullary Fixation
- IM rods, nails, and pins are utilized to restore fracture integrity, causing less scarring and blood loss.
- Common systems include "Nancy," "Russel-Taylor," and "Gamma" systems.
Knee Arthroscopy
- Consists of two main articulations: femur-tibial plateau and patella-femur.
- The procedure uses a scope for visualization, saline for joint distention, and can lead to quicker recovery.
Hemostatic Agents
- Agents such as Raney clips, neuro patties, bone wax, and Surgicel assist in controlling bleeding during surgery.
Plastic Surgery Techniques
- Dermatomes are essential for harvesting skin grafts; skin meshers help increase graft surface area coverage.
- Pedicle flaps retain original blood supply, while free flaps require a two-team approach for reanastomosis.
Burn Surgery
- Ensuring a warm operating room is crucial to prevent hypothermia.
- Five goals of dressings include immobilization, pressure application, drainage collection, comfort, and wound protection.
Skin Graft Types
- STSG involves epidermis and partial dermis, with rapid donor site healing; potential for skin contractures exists.
- FTSG includes both layers and minimizes contracture risk, better suited for areas of flexion but does not allow for reuse of the donor site.
Cataract Surgery
- Characterized by clouding of the eye lens; extraction can be performed via ECCE or ICCE techniques.
- ECCE involves rupturing the capsule to remove the lens, while ICCE is a less common technique performed on dislocated lenses.
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Description
This quiz provides an overview of Bone Cement, specifically Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), including its components and safety precautions during mixing. Learn about the role of the scrub nurse and the necessary measures to ensure a safe operating room environment while handling this highly flammable material.