Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of a carpal bone?
Which of the following is an example of a carpal bone?
- Scaphoid (correct)
- Humerus
- Femur
- Tibia
What type of bone are paranasal air sinuses classified as?
What type of bone are paranasal air sinuses classified as?
- Flat bones
- Long bones
- Accessory bones (correct)
- Hollow bones
Which category do vertebrae belong to?
Which category do vertebrae belong to?
- Flat bones
- Long bones
- Irregular bones (correct)
- Short bones
Which of the following is NOT an example of a long bone?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a long bone?
Which of these bones is considered an accessory bone?
Which of these bones is considered an accessory bone?
What characteristic of the periosteum contributes to its sensitivity?
What characteristic of the periosteum contributes to its sensitivity?
Where is the periosteum most securely attached to bone?
Where is the periosteum most securely attached to bone?
What would be a consequence of damage to the periosteum?
What would be a consequence of damage to the periosteum?
Which statement about the periosteum is correct?
Which statement about the periosteum is correct?
What property of the periosteum is most critical for healing processes?
What property of the periosteum is most critical for healing processes?
What are articular surfaces?
What are articular surfaces?
Which statement about articular surfaces is true?
Which statement about articular surfaces is true?
Why are articular surfaces important in the skeletal system?
Why are articular surfaces important in the skeletal system?
What distinguishes articular surfaces from other bone surfaces?
What distinguishes articular surfaces from other bone surfaces?
Which type of joint primarily features articular surfaces?
Which type of joint primarily features articular surfaces?
Which statement about the epiphyses of long bones is correct?
Which statement about the epiphyses of long bones is correct?
From where does the growth in width of a long bone primarily occur?
From where does the growth in width of a long bone primarily occur?
At what stage of life do almost all secondary centers of epiphyses appear?
At what stage of life do almost all secondary centers of epiphyses appear?
Which of the following describes the role of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?
Which of the following describes the role of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?
In terms of growth direction, where does more lengthening of a long bone occur?
In terms of growth direction, where does more lengthening of a long bone occur?
What can be compared to differentiate an epiphyseal plate from a fracture on a radiograph?
What can be compared to differentiate an epiphyseal plate from a fracture on a radiograph?
How do epiphyseal plates undergoing fusion appear on radiographs?
How do epiphyseal plates undergoing fusion appear on radiographs?
Why is knowing the likely sites for epiphyses important in radiology?
Why is knowing the likely sites for epiphyses important in radiology?
What role do epiphyses play in determining skeletal age?
What role do epiphyses play in determining skeletal age?
In forensic skeletal examinations, what aspects of epiphyseal plates are utilized?
In forensic skeletal examinations, what aspects of epiphyseal plates are utilized?
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Study Notes
Periosteum
- Periosteum is a membrane that surrounds bones.
- It's highly vascular, meaning it has a rich blood supply, and is richly supplied by nerves, making it very sensitive.
- This membrane is well united where muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach to bones.
Bone Surfaces
- Articular surfaces are the areas of bone that articulate at synovial joints.
- These are the only external surfaces of bone not covered by periosteum.
Epiphyseal Fusion
- Almost all secondary centers appear after birth and generally appear earlier in females than in males.
- Epiphyseal fusion occurs after puberty and generally occurs earlier in females.
Growth of Long Bones
- Growth in width is from the periosteum.
- Growth in length occurs at one end, with the nutrient foramen directed away from the growing end.
Remodeling of Long Bones
- Osteoclasts break down old bone.
- On radiographs, epiphyseal plates undergoing fusion may resemble fracture lines.
Clinical Application of Epiphyseal Plates
- Knowledge of the likely sites for epiphyses helps avoid misdiagnosing a fracture.
- An epiphyseal plate can be differentiated from a fracture by comparing it to the x-ray of the corresponding bone on the other side of the body.
Determination of Skeletal Age
- Because epiphyses fuse in an ordered sequence, they can be used to determine an individual's age from radiographic images or forensic skeletal examination.
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