Questions and Answers
What is a bonanza farm?
What type of wheat is planted in the spring and harvested in the summer?
Spring wheat
Who was hired to sell bonds for the Northern Pacific line?
Jay Cooke
Who helped create the first bonanza farm?
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What were bonanza farms broken up into for management purposes?
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Where did orders for bonanza farm employees come from?
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What equipment was used to cut wheat and tie it into bundles?
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What were used to stack the bundles of wheat?
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What is the process of separating wheat from its stalk called?
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What type of bonanza farm appeared west of the Missouri River?
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Why did Theodore Roosevelt come west to Dakota in 1883?
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What was one of the ranches purchased by Theodore Roosevelt?
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Who was the French nobleman that started a huge beef packing plant in Dakota?
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What was the name of the wife of the Marquis de Mores, after whom the town was named?
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How are townships in Dakota Territory divided?
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What did the Homestead Act provide to settlers?
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What did the Timber Culture Act of 1873 grant to individuals?
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Which immigrant group settled mainly in central and south central North Dakota?
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Which immigrants settled mostly in the eastern and northern parts of North Dakota?
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What is a dugout?
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What are sod houses?
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What are claim shanties made of?
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What were prairie fires?
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What is a general store?
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What is a political boss?
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What was the Dakota Farmers' Alliance?
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What did the Omnibus Bill authorize?
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When was the Constitutional Convention held for North Dakota?
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What does Article XIX of the new constitution pertain to?
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What number state did North Dakota become?
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Study Notes
Bonanza Farms
- Bonanza farms are large, highly profitable wheat farms, capitalizing on extensive land for agriculture.
- Established as a result of the potential agricultural use of land intended for the Northern Pacific railroad.
Spring Wheat
- This type of wheat is planted in the spring and harvested in the summer, optimized for climate conditions.
Key Figures
- Jay Cooke was responsible for selling bonds for the Northern Pacific line but faced failure due to the railroad's bankruptcy; this shift allowed land to be used for farming.
- George Cass, as President of Northern Pacific, played a crucial role in creating the first bonanza farm.
Farming Operations
- Bonanza farms were divided into divisions, each usually less than 5,000 acres, to streamline management.
- Headquarters directed orders for bonanza farm employees, establishing centralized management.
Farming Equipment
- Binders were essential tools that cut wheat and bundled it for easier handling.
- Shockers were used to stack the bundled wheat, preparing it for threshing.
Threshing Process
- Threshing involves separating wheat from its stalk, a key step in wheat production.
Cattle Ranching
- Cattle farms emerged west of the Missouri River, diversifying agricultural practices in the region.
Historical Figures
- Theodore Roosevelt sought refuge in Dakota for hunting in 1883 after personal tragedy and purchased the Maltese Cross Ranch.
- Marquis de Mores, a French nobleman, founded a significant beef packing plant in Dakota in 1883.
Settlements and Homes
- The town of Medora was named after the wife of Marquis de Mores.
- Townships in Dakota are divided into 36 sections for governance and land management.
- Homestead Act of 1862 provided 160 acres of land to settlers committing to five years of farming.
- Timber Culture Act of 1873 offered land if one-fourth was planted with trees, promoting forestry.
Immigration Patterns
- German-Russians settled primarily in central and south-central North Dakota.
- Norwegians mainly populated the eastern and northern regions.
Types of Housing
- Dugouts were shelters created by digging into hill sides or stream banks.
- Sod houses, constructed from earth, were common where timber was scarce.
- Claim shanties were made from tar paper, indicating limited resources.
Environmental Challenges
- Prairie fires posed significant threats during dry seasons, challenging settlers.
Community and Economy
- General stores served as vital hubs for settlers, providing a variety of essential goods.
- Political bosses gained power through connections, influencing regional politics.
- Dakota Farmers' Alliance formed to address the political and economic issues affecting settlers.
Statehood and Governance
- The Omnibus Bill, passed in 1889, authorized the creation of North Dakota, alongside South Dakota, Montana, and Washington.
- A Constitutional Convention held on July 4, 1889, led to the establishment of North Dakota's government.
- Article XIX of the new constitution outlined the locations for state schools and institutions.
- North Dakota became the 39th state admitted to the Union.
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Description
Explore key terms related to bonanza farms and the homesteading era through these flashcards. This quiz covers important concepts like spring wheat and significant figures such as Jay Cooke and George Cass. Test your knowledge and enhance your understanding of agricultural history.
