30 Questions
What is the primary function of arterio-venous anastomoses in apical regions of skin?
To facilitate countercurrent heat exchange
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of heat production in the body?
Sweating
What is the primary location of thermal sensors in the body?
Throughout the skin surface
What is the primary role of the hypothalamic control centre in thermoregulation?
To integrate thermal information from the body
Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic nerves to stimulate sweat glands?
Acetylcholine
What is the effect of rising core temperature on blood flow through the skin?
Vasodilation of dermal blood flow
What is the primary function of the hypothalamic control centre in thermoregulation?
To detect changes in core body temperature
What is the main mechanism of heat transfer between the body and environment?
Evaporation through sweat glands
Which of the following is a peripheral thermal sensor?
Nerve endings in the skin
Where are thermal sensors highly concentrated in the body?
In both the skin and preoptic anterior hypothalamus
What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in thermoregulation?
To regulate blood flow and vasodilation to control heat loss
What is the primary function of T3 and T4 hormones in thermoregulation?
To control the body's rate of heat production
What is the function of thermal sensors in the skin?
To detect ambient temperature
What is the role of shivering in thermoregulation?
To increase heat production through muscle contraction
What is the role of the hypothalamic control centre in thermoregulation?
To integrate thermal information and regulate body temperature
What is the effect of infections on the body's thermoregulatory system?
It raises the set-point temperature
Which of the following is an efferent nerve fibre response in thermoregulation?
All of the above
What is the purpose of anticipatory reflexes in thermoregulation?
To stabilise heat loss/gain prior to changes in core temperature
What is the primary mechanism of Ach mediated vasodilatation?
Endothelial cell dependent formation of vasoactive molecules
What is the estimated rate of total-body water loss through evaporation of perspiration in a hot environment?
2 L/hour
What is the role of osmoreceptors in detecting volume loss?
Sense changes in plasma osmolality
What is the effect of hyperosmolality on AVP output?
Increased AVP output
What is the name of the hormone that promotes water retention in the kidneys?
Vasopressin
What is the clinical consequence of losing more than 3% of body weight due to dehydration?
Lightheadedness and disorientation
What is the primary indicator of circulating volume in the body?
Left-atrial pressure
What is the primary response to low arterial pressure in terms of AVP secretion?
Increased AVP secretion
What is the primary function of ANP in terms of blood pressure regulation?
Increased sodium excretion
What is the primary mechanism of regulating body fluid status when salt is given with water?
Delayed urine production
What is the primary role of the kidneys in blood pressure regulation in the long term?
Regulation of sodium excretion
What is the primary effect of AVP on urine production?
Decreased urine production
Learn about the maintenance of body temperature and the control of heat gain and volume loss. Understand how the body responds to dynamic environments and transfer of substances and energy.
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