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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
What is the main function of capillaries?
What is the main function of capillaries?
Which of the following components of blood is responsible for carrying oxygen?
Which of the following components of blood is responsible for carrying oxygen?
What is the function of the semi-lunar valves in the heart?
What is the function of the semi-lunar valves in the heart?
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What is the primary function of the pacemaker (SAN) in the heart?
What is the primary function of the pacemaker (SAN) in the heart?
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What causes the characteristic 'lub-dub' sound of the heart?
What causes the characteristic 'lub-dub' sound of the heart?
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Which blood vessel type is responsible for transporting blood away from the heart?
Which blood vessel type is responsible for transporting blood away from the heart?
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What is the main difference between arteries and veins?
What is the main difference between arteries and veins?
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What is the role of white blood cells in the body?
What is the role of white blood cells in the body?
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In response to exercise, what happens to the heart rate and stroke volume?
In response to exercise, what happens to the heart rate and stroke volume?
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Study Notes
Body Systems (Circulatory)
- The circulatory system includes arteries, capillaries, and veins.
- Arteries carry blood from the heart; veins carry blood back to the heart.
- Capillaries facilitate the exchange of materials between blood and cells.
- Blood flow cessation, even temporarily, leads to irreversible cell death.
The Heart
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The heart has two sides (right and left).
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It has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
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The left ventricle has more muscle than the right ventricle to pump blood throughout the body.
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The heart has valves to ensure one-way blood flow (atrioventricular and semilunar valves).
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The "lub-dub" sound of the heart is created by these valves closing.
Cardiac Muscle and Pacemaker
- Specialized tissue (pacemaker/SAN) in the right atrium initiates electrical signals.
- These signals trigger atrial and ventricular contractions.
- Cardiac muscle allows for coordinated contractions.
- The pace of the pacemaker can be adjusted, for example, during exercise.
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
- Fatty deposits (plaque) build up inside arteries.
- This narrowing reduces elasticity and narrows arteries.
- Reduced blood supply may occur.
- A blood clot (thrombosis) can completely block an artery.
- Deprived heart muscle cells die, leading to a heart attack.
Comparing Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins
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Arteries have thick walls with elastic fibers to withstand high pressure.
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Veins have thin walls with valves to prevent backflow.
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Capillaries have thin walls for efficient material exchange.
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Blood pressure is higher in arteries than veins.
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Capillaries form an extensive network.
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Capillaries have a large surface area to facilitate the exchange of materials.
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Veins have a low-pressure system and require valves to prevent backflow.
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Blood flow within capillaries requires minimal resistance to flow.
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Description
Explore the intricate details of the circulatory system and the heart. This quiz covers the structure and function of blood vessels, the chambers of the heart, and the role of the pacemaker in regulating heartbeats. Test your knowledge on how these components work together to sustain life.
