Body Image and Mental Health

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary component of the material self according to William James?

Advertising techniques

Social media presence

Immediate family (correct)

Psychological factors

Which of the following is not a factor that influences consumer behavior?

Environmental factors (correct)

Cultural factors

Psychological factors

Personal factors

In Freud's theory of the self, which part is primarily concerned with moral standards?

Ego

Conscious self

Superego (correct)

What stage of the buyer decision process involves the consumer recognizing a need?

Problem recognition stage Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural influence might shape consumer preferences and behaviors?

Globalization of markets Signup and view all the answers

According to Marxist perspectives on consumption, what is primarily driven by consumer culture?

Class struggle Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological factor significantly influences decisions about lifestyle practices?

Personal values Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes the tangible elements of the material self?

Clothes and home Signup and view all the answers

According to Marxist perspectives, what primarily dictates how individuals think and decide?

Society and economic imperatives Signup and view all the answers

What does commodity fetishism imply about the relationship between goods and labor?

Commodities are given high monetary value without considering labor. Signup and view all the answers

What does alienation in a capitalist society refer to?

The separation of workers from the fulfillment of their labor. Signup and view all the answers

How is the spiritual self characterized according to the given content?

An exploration of individual identity and purpose. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect differentiates belief from practice in the context of spirituality?

Practice manifests belief through actions. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'external evaluations' refer to in the context of the spiritual self?

Societal judgments and perceptions. Signup and view all the answers

In the buyer decision process, which stage is most likely influenced by individual beliefs and practices?

Purchase decision Signup and view all the answers

From a Marxist viewpoint, how does labor in capitalist societies affect worker satisfaction?

It leads to worker apathy and detachment from labor. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of the id in Freud's theory?

It seeks immediate pleasure and satisfaction. Signup and view all the answers

In the Buyer Decision Process, what is the first stage?

Needs Arousal/Recognition Signup and view all the answers

What does the superego represent in Freud's model?

The internalization of societal rules and moral standards. Signup and view all the answers

According to Calvinist principles, which statement is true about consumption?

It is justified by hard work. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the Buyer Decision Process involves analyzing various alternatives before making a decision?

Evaluation Behavior Signup and view all the answers

How does consumer culture affect the way we view products and services?

They are seen as a means for self-expression. Signup and view all the answers

From a Marxist perspective, what is essential for production to occur?

A recognized need. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of Freud's theory is responsible for balancing desires with social reality?

Ego Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Physical Self

Gregor Mendel discovered how genes are passed from parents to offspring.
Genetics plays a role in physical appearance.
Physical features are evidence of parental genetics.
Different cultures have different beauty standards.
Philippine beauty standards are influenced by colonial history (Spanish, American, Japanese).

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

BDD sufferers are intensely preoccupied with perceived physical flaws (real or imagined).
Sufferers are distressed by perceived flaws, impacting daily life.
BDD sufferers frequently seek cosmetic surgeries to address their concerns.

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia Nervosa is a serious mental illness.
It involves severely limiting energy intake.
People with anorexia often exercise excessively to compensate for caloric intake.

Body Shaming

Body shaming involves criticizing oneself or others based on physical appearance.
Body shaming can lead to a loss of self-confidence.

Body Image Disturbance

Body image is how one thinks, feels, perceives, and behaves about their bodies.
Two components: Perceptual (accurate body size perception). Attitudinal (thoughts/feelings about body size/shape).
Negative perceptions can lead to dissatisfaction.
Social media use can affect self-approval.

Sexuality

Sexuality is a central aspect of human life.
It includes thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviors, practices, roles.
Sexuality is impacted by biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, legal, historical, religious, and spiritual factors.
Sex refers to biological characteristics (chromosomes, genitalia).
Gender refers to social characteristics related to sex identity or roles.
Gender expression is the outward demonstration of gender identity.

Biological Sex

Biological sex refers to objectively measurable factors (organs, hormones, chromosomes).

Secondary Sex Characteristics (SSC)

Traits that differ between sexes but aren't part of the reproductive system (e.g., breasts, facial hair).

Sexual Orientation

Sexual orientation is determined by attraction to one's own or the opposite sex, or both.
Sexual orientation can include: heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, and asexual.
Other orientations exist as well, such as pansexual/omnisexual.

Sexual Violence

Rape, sexual abuse/molestation, forced abortion, forced marriage, sexual harassment, and the violation of bodily integrity are all forms of this issue.

The Material Self

Physical aspects of the self (body, clothes, home, and immediate family).

Consumer Behavior

Consumer behavior studies how people buy, use, and dispose of products.
It's influenced by various social, cultural, and personal factors.

Consumer Culture and the Material Self

The need for material possessions can stem from various perspectives.
The impact of consumer culture on self-perception is notable.

The Spiritual Self

Your spiritual self is your sense of connection to something larger than yourself.
This includes beliefs, values, and practices related to your spirituality.

Logotherapy

Logotherapy is a type of psychotherapy that aims to help people find meaning in their lives.
Sources of meaning include work, love, suffering, and attitudes.

The Political Self: Filipino Citizen

Filipino identity is influenced by colonization.
Active citizenship involves participating in public life.
Being Filipino encompasses traits and values.

The Virtual Self

Social media has created a virtual realm of self-presentation.
Online interactions can lead to disembodiment and re-embodiment as avatars in virtual spaces.
A digital identity is established in online platforms.
Online interactions may lead to disinhibition.
The relationship between the virtual and the physical self is significant.

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Description

Explore the complex interplay between genetics, cultural beauty standards, and mental health issues such as Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Anorexia Nervosa. This quiz addresses how societal expectations and personal perceptions affect body image and self-esteem.