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Questions and Answers
What is the cephalocaudal principle in growth and development?
What is the cephalocaudal principle in growth and development?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing body growth and health?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing body growth and health?
What hormonal change is associated with menopause?
What hormonal change is associated with menopause?
How might a mother with thyroid deficiency during pregnancy affect her child?
How might a mother with thyroid deficiency during pregnancy affect her child?
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What is the primary focus for Zack despite his physical growth changes?
What is the primary focus for Zack despite his physical growth changes?
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What does the proximodistal principle refer to in terms of development?
What does the proximodistal principle refer to in terms of development?
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What societal aspect could influence a child's growth according to the content?
What societal aspect could influence a child's growth according to the content?
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Zack's changes in physical growth may also be related to which of the following factors?
Zack's changes in physical growth may also be related to which of the following factors?
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What change occurs in attention span as individuals mature?
What change occurs in attention span as individuals mature?
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Which aspect of attention improves with maturity?
Which aspect of attention improves with maturity?
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What is a characteristic shift in taste preference as individuals age?
What is a characteristic shift in taste preference as individuals age?
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At what age do noticeable declines in sensory and perceptual capacities typically begin?
At what age do noticeable declines in sensory and perceptual capacities typically begin?
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How does cognitive expectation influence taste?
How does cognitive expectation influence taste?
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What is a significant aspect of locomotion in child development?
What is a significant aspect of locomotion in child development?
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What difficulty do older adults often face regarding sensory information?
What difficulty do older adults often face regarding sensory information?
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What is one consequence of a rise in sensory threshold with age?
What is one consequence of a rise in sensory threshold with age?
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Which term describes movements like rocking and swaying seen in infants?
Which term describes movements like rocking and swaying seen in infants?
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Advancing from an ulnar grasp to a pincer grasp exemplifies which developmental trend?
Advancing from an ulnar grasp to a pincer grasp exemplifies which developmental trend?
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What aspect of multitasking is generally considered ineffective?
What aspect of multitasking is generally considered ineffective?
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What do infants demonstrate through rhythmic stereotypies?
What do infants demonstrate through rhythmic stereotypies?
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What characterizes the dynamic systems theory in motor development?
What characterizes the dynamic systems theory in motor development?
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Why might toddlers prefer crawling over walking at times?
Why might toddlers prefer crawling over walking at times?
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Which motor skill development aspect requires children to think about organizing their movements?
Which motor skill development aspect requires children to think about organizing their movements?
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What does the cephalocaudal trend refer to in child development?
What does the cephalocaudal trend refer to in child development?
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What is the primary reason for the loss of sensitivity to high-frequency sounds in elderly individuals?
What is the primary reason for the loss of sensitivity to high-frequency sounds in elderly individuals?
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Which method is suggested for effective communication with elderly individuals experiencing hearing difficulties?
Which method is suggested for effective communication with elderly individuals experiencing hearing difficulties?
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What developmental growth pattern is illustrated when infants move their arms before gaining control of their hands?
What developmental growth pattern is illustrated when infants move their arms before gaining control of their hands?
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What is likely the most effective strategy for a 72-year-old man to boost his cognitive performance?
What is likely the most effective strategy for a 72-year-old man to boost his cognitive performance?
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In an experiment, six-month-old Kara sees two dolls placed behind a screen and reacts when the screen is removed. What is her likely reaction to the possible vs. impossible outcome?
In an experiment, six-month-old Kara sees two dolls placed behind a screen and reacts when the screen is removed. What is her likely reaction to the possible vs. impossible outcome?
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At what age do infants begin to recognize the size of an object despite changes in its distance from the eyes?
At what age do infants begin to recognize the size of an object despite changes in its distance from the eyes?
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Which of the following best describes the visual preferences of one-month-old infants?
Which of the following best describes the visual preferences of one-month-old infants?
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What is an example of a kinetic cue that contributes to depth perception in infants?
What is an example of a kinetic cue that contributes to depth perception in infants?
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What type of stimulus do infants prefer to look at, according to the provided content?
What type of stimulus do infants prefer to look at, according to the provided content?
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At what age do infants start using monocular cues for depth perception?
At what age do infants start using monocular cues for depth perception?
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What is indicated by a slower heart rate in infants when observing the visual cliff?
What is indicated by a slower heart rate in infants when observing the visual cliff?
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How do infants at 2 months engage with the visual cliff?
How do infants at 2 months engage with the visual cliff?
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What does visual tracking in infants indicate about their vision development?
What does visual tracking in infants indicate about their vision development?
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Which age is associated with infants being consistently able to track objects that are in motion?
Which age is associated with infants being consistently able to track objects that are in motion?
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What type of visual cues do 5 to 7-month-old infants primarily rely on for depth perception?
What type of visual cues do 5 to 7-month-old infants primarily rely on for depth perception?
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Study Notes
Body Growth and Health
- Genetics influences height. Inherited diseases (e.g., celiac disease, endocrine disorders) can affect growth hormone production.
- Environmental factors like diet, socioeconomic status, access to parks, social values, and policies also influence height.
Principles of Growth
- Cephalocaudal principle: Development proceeds from head to toe. Head develops first, followed by the trunk and legs.
- Proximodistal principle: Development progresses from the center of the body outward. Chest and internal organs develop before arms, hands, etc.
Visual Development
- Infants have the ability to organize and impose order on visual scenes.
- Four-month-old infants can discern subtle color shades.
- Infants are able to focus on the essential visual elements they need.
- One-month-old infants focus on outer contours, while two-month-old infants focus on interior details.
- One-month-old infants prefer top-heavy or face-like stimuli.
- Infants tend to pay attention to patterns with large light-dark transitions, dynamic displays, and moderately complex patterns.
Depth Perception
- Kinetic cues: Used to perceive depth around three months of age.
- Binocular cues and size constancy: Emerge around four months of age.
- Monocular cues: Develop around five to seven months of age.
- Infants have a sense of size constancy, understanding that an object is the same size despite variations in distance from the eye.
- Visual cliff experiment: Shows the development of depth perception and the role of social references in infant behavior.
Infants' Physics - Are Infants Born with Physical Knowledge?
- Infants are born with an innate understanding of basic physical principles.
- Key concepts: Perception, action, and sensory integration.
- Infants learn to integrate multiple sources of sensory information and coordinate perception with action.
The Child
- Gross motor skills: Involve large muscles and whole body movements.
- Fine motor skills: Rely on fine muscles, including eye-hand coordination.
- Development follows a cephalocaudal and proximodistal trend.
Motor Development
- Dynamic systems theory: Nature (neural maturation) and nurture (sensory and motor experience) are key drivers of motor development.
- Rhythmic stereotypies: Repetitive body movements observed in infants before a new motor skill emerges (e.g., rocking, swaying).
- Children modify their motor behaviors in adaptive ways. It is a self-organizing process.
- Walking is a complex process that emerges as children learn to integrate their biomechanics with the environment they navigate.
Attention
- Children's attention spans increase over time (from minutes to hours).
- They become more selective and systematic in their attention.
- Although children develop better attention abilities, they remain susceptible to distractions.
- Multitasking is not usually effective.
Taste
- Infants' food preferences gradually change with age. Their taste buds are developing.
- Children become less sensitive to sweet flavors and more sensitive to sour tastes.
- Teenagers are more willing to experiment with different foods.
The Adult
- Sensory and perceptual capacities decline gradually as people age.
- The sensory threshold increases with age.
- Perceptual skills decline, leading to difficulties in processing information.
- Hearing loss is a common issue, especially for high-frequency sounds.
- Older adults may face challenges with speech perception due to cognitive decline and changes in auditory processing.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the principles of body growth, health impacts, and visual development in infants. This quiz covers the influence of genetics and environment on height as well as key concepts of growth principles. Learn how infants perceive and organize visual information as they develop.
