Body Fluids and Compartments Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate percentage of body water in a healthy adult man?

  • 50%
  • 60% (correct)
  • 70%
  • 40%

Which demographic is likely to contain the highest percentage of body water?

  • Young adults
  • Elderly individuals
  • Infants (correct)
  • Middle-aged persons

Which body tissue is considered the least hydrated?

  • Kidneys
  • Muscle tissue
  • Brain
  • Adipose tissue (correct)

Which factor is NOT considered to influence total body water content?

<p>Diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate volume of water lost through insensible water loss daily?

<p>300-400 ml (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In achieving water balance, fluid intake should be equal to what?

<p>Fluid output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ion is considered the most important for the function of the body?

<p>Sodium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause for variations in water content between males and females?

<p>Skeletal muscle mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average blood volume in adults?

<p>5 liters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is total blood volume calculated using plasma volume and hematocrit?

<p>Total blood volume = Plasma volume / (1 - Hematocrit) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ion is found in higher concentration in the extracellular fluid compared to the intracellular fluid?

<p>Sodium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary role of potassium in the body?

<p>Tissue excitability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated concentration of sodium in extracellular fluid?

<p>145 mEq/L (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which electrolyte plays a significant role in glucose transport in the intestine and kidney?

<p>Sodium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the protein concentration between the intracellular fluid and plasma?

<p>ICF contains almost four times as much protein as plasma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary form of potassium distribution in the body?

<p>Intracellular: 150 mmol/L (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of lymph in the body?

<p>Returning excess fluid and protein to the circulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much water is typically lost from the body through urine excreted by the kidneys?

<p>About 2300 ml/day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compartment contains the majority of the body's fluid?

<p>Intracellular fluid compartment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the osmolarity of body fluids?

<p>290 mOsm/L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transcellular fluid is characterized by which of the following?

<p>Fluid in chambers lined by epithelial cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological process is directly influenced by the maintenance of resting membrane potential in excitable cells?

<p>Muscle contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the function of interstitial fluid?

<p>It surrounds and bathes cells outside of the blood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does potassium play in the vascular system?

<p>Causes endothelium-dependent vasodilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary fluid component that circulates in blood?

<p>Plasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT significantly influence fluid movement across the capillary wall?

<p>Concentration of electrolytes in the plasma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the body's fluid is located in the extracellular fluid compartment?

<p>1/3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What force is responsible for the absorption of fluid from the interstitium into the plasma?

<p>Oncotic pressure of plasma proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is NOT essential for normal intestinal peristalsis?

<p>Zinc (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary contributor to the oncotic pressure in plasma?

<p>Albumin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding hydrostatic pressure and fluid movement is correct?

<p>Hydrostatic pressure in the capillary promotes filtration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with potassium in the human body?

<p>Promotion of fluid absorption from interstitium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of a positive value of Qf in the Starling Equation?

<p>It reflects net filtration of fluid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which safety factor contributes the least to preventing edema?

<p>Low compliance of the interstitium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much can capillary pressure theoretically rise in peripheral tissues before marked edema occurs?

<p>17 mm Hg. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do lymphatics play in fluid management in the interstitial spaces?

<p>They return excess fluid and protein to circulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure that aids in preventing edema?

<p>–3 mm Hg. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased lymph flow have on interstitial fluid proteins?

<p>It effectively washes down interstitial fluid protein concentration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When mark edema develops, what must happen to the related abnormality in terms of severity?

<p>It must be severe. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to fluid movement across the capillary wall in the Starling Equation?

<p>Venous pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Body water content

The proportion of water in the human body, varying by sex, age, and body fat percentage.

Water balance

Maintaining equal fluid intake and output. Fluid intake equals fluid output (Input = Output).

Fluid intake

The amount of fluid you consume, including drinking and food.

Fluids output

The amount of water lost from the body, through various routes.

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Insensible water loss

Water loss through processes not directly perceived, such as breathing and skin.

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Sex

A significant factor influencing water content in the body. Men generally have more water than women .

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Age

Age significantly impacts water content. Infants have the highest water content and it decreases with age .

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Body fat percentage

The higher the body fat, the lower the water content. Fat is less hydrated.

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Water balance

The process of maintaining a proper balance of water intake and output in the body.

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Fluid Compartments

The two main parts of the body's water: intracellular (inside cells) and extracellular (outside cells).

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Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

The fluid inside the cells, comprising about 2/3 of the body's water.

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Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

The fluid outside the cells, comprising about 1/3 of the body's water.

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Plasma

The fluid component of blood, part of the extracellular fluid.

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Interstitial Fluid (IF)

The fluid surrounding the cells, part of the extracellular fluid.

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Lymph

Fluid collected from interstitial fluid, cleaned by lymphocytes, and returned to the blood circulation.

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Transcellular fluid

Body fluids specifically located within spaces formed by epithelial cell linings.

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Resting Membrane Potential

The electrical charge difference across a cell membrane when the cell is not actively transmitting signals.

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Blood Volume

The total amount of blood in an adult's body, approximately 5 liters.

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Hematocrit

Percentage of red blood cells in blood volume

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Endothelium-dependent Vasodilation

Potassium's role in widening blood vessels, often triggered by factors within the blood vessel lining.

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Arterial Blood Pressure Maintenance

The process of keeping blood pressure within a healthy range in arteries.

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Plasma Volume

Volume of plasma in the blood.

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Insulin Secretion Regulation

How glucose levels affect the release of insulin from the pancreas.

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ECF Composition

Extracellular fluid (plasma and interstitial fluid) rich in sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions.

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Intestinal Peristalsis

The rhythmic contractions that push food through the digestive tract, crucial for digestion.

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ICF Composition

Intracellular fluid rich in potassium and phosphate ions.

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Capillary Filtration

The movement of fluids from blood capillaries to the surrounding tissues.

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Sodium (ECF)

Main cation in extracellular fluid, crucial for blood volume, pressure, and nerve signals.

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Potassium (ICF)

Main cation in intracellular fluid, vital for muscle and nerve function.

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Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure

The pressure exerted by the blood pushing against the capillary walls.

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Capillary Oncotic Pressure

The pressure created by the proteins in the blood that keep the fluid inside the vessels.

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Total Blood Volume Calculation

Calculated by dividing the plasma volume by (1 - hematocrit).

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Starling Equation

A formula that describes fluid movement across capillary walls, considering forces favouring filtration and opposing it.

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Edema

Accumulation of excess fluid in the interstitial space.

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Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure

The pressure exerted by fluid inside the capillaries that pushes fluid out of the capillaries.

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Interstitial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure

The pressure exerted by fluid in the interstitial space, pushing fluid back into the capillaries.

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Colloid Osmotic Pressure

The pressure caused by proteins (like albumin) in the blood that pulls water back into the capillaries.

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Safety Factors Against Edema

Mechanisms that prevent excessive fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces, including Low interstitial fluid compliance, increased lymph flow, and protein washdown by lymphatic drainage.

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Low Interstitial Fluid Compliance

The interstitial fluid cannot easily expand, which limits the amount of fluid taking in by interstitial fluids.

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Lymphatic System Role in Edema Prevention

It removes excess fluid and proteins from interstitial spaces, preventing swelling.

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Study Notes

Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments

  • Water is crucial for bodily functions
  • Factors influencing body water content:
    • Sex (men have more than women)
    • Age (infants more water than elderly)
    • Body fat percentage (more fat, less water)
  • Adipose tissue is the least hydrated tissue (10%)
  • Brain and kidneys have the highest water content (80-85%)
  • Daily water intake should equal output
    • Intake: drinking, food, internal synthesis (200-300 ml/day)
    • Output: insensible loss (respiration, skin), sweat, feces, urine
  • Total daily water intake and output is approximately 2300 ml

Fluid Compartments

  • Two main fluid compartments:
    • Intracellular fluid (ICF): fluid inside cells (2/3 of total body water, 28 liters).
      • Encloses cells
    • Extracellular fluid (ECF): fluid outside cells (1/3 of total body water, 14 liters).
      • Surrounds all body cells
  • ECF subdivisions:
    • Plasma (part of blood): where blood cells reside
    • Interstitial fluid(IF): surrounds cells not in blood
    • Lymph and transcellular fluid

Blood Volume

  • Blood has both intracellular and extracellular fluid
  • Average adult blood volume is around 5 liters
  • 60% of blood is plasma, 40% red blood cells

Ionic Composition of ECF and ICF

  • ECF: high sodium, chloride, bicarbonate; low potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, organic acids
  • ICF: high potassium, phosphate; low sodium, chloride

Roles of Electrolytes

  • Sodium: main cation in ECF, crucial for blood volume, pressure, tissue excitability, glucose transport, and acid-base balance
  • Potassium: main cation in ICF, vital for membrane potential, muscle contraction, and blood pressure regulation. Other functions include: vasodilation, insulin secretion, maintaining intestinal peristalsis, optimal cellular enzyme environment, and cell growth/protein/DNA synthesis, and acid-base balance

Forces Influencing Fluid Movement Across Capillary Walls

  • Filtration:
    • Hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure) pushes fluid out of capillaries
    • Oncotic pressure (due to proteins) pulls fluid into capillaries.
  • Absorption:
    • Pressure difference drives flow across the membrane

Safety Factors Preventing Edema

  • Prevents excessive fluid buildup:
    • Low interstitial fluid compliance
    • Increased lymph flow
    • Washout of interstitial proteins
  • Edema occurs when these factors are overwhelmed

Edema

  • Excess fluid in interstitial space
  • Causes:
    • Increased hydrostatic pressure
    • Reduced osmotic pressure
    • Increased capillary permeability
    • Lymphatic blockage

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Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments PDF 20-Dec-21

Description

This quiz explores the crucial roles of body fluids and fluid compartments in maintaining bodily functions. You will learn about factors influencing body water content, the distribution of fluids inside and outside cells, and the importance of daily water intake. Test your understanding of how the body manages its hydration!

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