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Intracellular fluid (ICF) constitutes ⅔ of total body weight.
Intracellular fluid (ICF) constitutes ⅔ of total body weight.
True
Extracellular fluid (ECF) is made up of only plasma.
Extracellular fluid (ECF) is made up of only plasma.
False
Lean individuals have a greater percentage of body weight that is water compared to those with higher adipose tissue.
Lean individuals have a greater percentage of body weight that is water compared to those with higher adipose tissue.
True
The lower percentage of total body water (TBW) in females is associated with a higher percentage of skeletal muscle mass.
The lower percentage of total body water (TBW) in females is associated with a higher percentage of skeletal muscle mass.
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Interstitial fluid makes up 15% of extracellular fluid (ECF).
Interstitial fluid makes up 15% of extracellular fluid (ECF).
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Intracellular fluid (ICF) makes up 1/3 of Total Body Weight (TBW).
Intracellular fluid (ICF) makes up 1/3 of Total Body Weight (TBW).
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Plasma constitutes 5% of body weight.
Plasma constitutes 5% of body weight.
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Interstitial fluid accounts for 15% of the body's total weight.
Interstitial fluid accounts for 15% of the body's total weight.
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Transcellular fluid is a major component of intracellular fluid.
Transcellular fluid is a major component of intracellular fluid.
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The extracellular fluid (ECF) is 20% of body weight.
The extracellular fluid (ECF) is 20% of body weight.
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In the average adult, body fluids comprise 60% of total body weight.
In the average adult, body fluids comprise 60% of total body weight.
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The primary cation in extracellular fluid (ECF) is potassium (K).
The primary cation in extracellular fluid (ECF) is potassium (K).
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Young children have a body water content of approximately 80%.
Young children have a body water content of approximately 80%.
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The main function of extracellular fluid (ECF) includes maintaining blood volume.
The main function of extracellular fluid (ECF) includes maintaining blood volume.
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Intraocular fluid is classified as transcellular fluid.
Intraocular fluid is classified as transcellular fluid.
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Insensible losses account for about 1000 ml of fluid loss per day.
Insensible losses account for about 1000 ml of fluid loss per day.
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The primary anions in intracellular fluid (ICF) are sodium and chloride.
The primary anions in intracellular fluid (ICF) are sodium and chloride.
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Adolescents have a body water content of around 60%.
Adolescents have a body water content of around 60%.
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Water intake sources include ingested fluid, solid food, and metabolic water.
Water intake sources include ingested fluid, solid food, and metabolic water.
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Baroreceptors are primarily responsible for detecting changes in plasma osmolality.
Baroreceptors are primarily responsible for detecting changes in plasma osmolality.
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Increased plasma osmolality decreases the thirst response.
Increased plasma osmolality decreases the thirst response.
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ADH is a hormone that increases water reabsorption in the kidneys.
ADH is a hormone that increases water reabsorption in the kidneys.
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The regulation of water intake only requires neural input from the sympathetic nervous system.
The regulation of water intake only requires neural input from the sympathetic nervous system.
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Angiotensin II is involved in regulating thirst and fluid balance.
Angiotensin II is involved in regulating thirst and fluid balance.
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Osmoreceptors are located in the surface of the hypothalamus and can sense changes in sodium concentration.
Osmoreceptors are located in the surface of the hypothalamus and can sense changes in sodium concentration.
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Hypovolemia leads to an increase in thirst.
Hypovolemia leads to an increase in thirst.
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Insensible losses of water refer to losses that can be easily measured and quantified.
Insensible losses of water refer to losses that can be easily measured and quantified.
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Atrial natriuretic peptide has a role in inhibiting thirst and fluid intake.
Atrial natriuretic peptide has a role in inhibiting thirst and fluid intake.
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Potassium is the chief anion in intracellular fluids.
Potassium is the chief anion in intracellular fluids.
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Sodium is the chief cation in extracellular fluids.
Sodium is the chief cation in extracellular fluids.
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A decrease in total body water will lead to an increase in serum sodium concentration.
A decrease in total body water will lead to an increase in serum sodium concentration.
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Chloride is the major cation in intracellular fluids.
Chloride is the major cation in intracellular fluids.
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Magnesium is an important electrolyte found primarily in extracellular fluids.
Magnesium is an important electrolyte found primarily in extracellular fluids.
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The Na-K pump regulates the concentrations of sodium and potassium in both intracellular and extracellular fluids.
The Na-K pump regulates the concentrations of sodium and potassium in both intracellular and extracellular fluids.
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If extracellular fluid becomes hypertonic, water moves from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid.
If extracellular fluid becomes hypertonic, water moves from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid.
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Phosphorus levels in both extracellular and intracellular fluids are the same.
Phosphorus levels in both extracellular and intracellular fluids are the same.
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Calcium is the major anion in extracellular fluids.
Calcium is the major anion in extracellular fluids.
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Fluid and electrolyte regulation is necessary for maintaining plasma volume and osmotic concentration.
Fluid and electrolyte regulation is necessary for maintaining plasma volume and osmotic concentration.
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The normal range for sodium in extracellular fluid is 135 - 145 mEq/L.
The normal range for sodium in extracellular fluid is 135 - 145 mEq/L.
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An excess of sodium in extracellular fluid can lead to reduced blood pressure.
An excess of sodium in extracellular fluid can lead to reduced blood pressure.
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Bicarbonate is the major anion in intracellular fluid.
Bicarbonate is the major anion in intracellular fluid.
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Chloride has a normal value range of 97 - 107 or 109 mEq/L.
Chloride has a normal value range of 97 - 107 or 109 mEq/L.
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Study Notes
Body Fluid Distribution
- Body fluids comprise approximately 60% of total body weight in an average adult.
- Two main fluid compartments: Intracellular fluid (ICF) and Extracellular fluid (ECF).
- ICF constitutes ⅔ of total body water (TBW), accounting for 40% of body weight.
- ECF accounts for ⅓ of TBW, with plasma making up ¼ of ECF (5% of body weight) and interstitial fluid forming ¾ of ECF (15% of body weight).
Water Content Variability
- Lean individuals possess a greater percentage of body weight as water compared to those with higher adipose tissue.
- Body water content varies by age:
- Fetus: 90%
- Pre-term infants: 80%
- Term infants: 70-75%
- Young children: 65-75%
- Adolescents: 60%
Functions of Body Water
- Maintains blood volume and acts as a transport medium for nutrients and waste.
- Provides an internal aqueous environment vital for cellular biochemical processes.
- Aids in maintaining normal body temperature and waste elimination.
Fluid Composition
- ICF primary cations are Potassium (K) and Magnesium (Mg), with phosphates and proteins as primary anions.
- ECF primary cation is Sodium (Na) with Chloride (Cl) and bicarbonate as primary anions.
Daily Water Intake and Losses
- Typical water intake: 2000 ml/day (60% from fluids, 30% from solid foods, 10% from metabolic processes).
- Daily losses include approximately 1L from urine, 250 ml from stool, and 600 ml from insensible losses (skin and lungs).
Water Balance and Regulation
- Hydration requires water intake to equal output.
- Major sources of intake: ingested fluids, solid food, and metabolic processes.
- Regulation of thirst is influenced by plasma volume decrease and osmolality increase.
Role of Baroreceptors
- Detect changes in blood volume and pressure, signaling adjustments in thirst and fluid regulation.
- Baroreceptors categorize into low pressure (in cardiac atria) and high pressure (in aorta and carotid arteries).
Osmoreceptors and Fluid Imbalances
- Osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus detect changes in sodium concentration, driving thirst and ADH secretion.
- Hyperosmolar imbalance caused by dehydration, excessive water loss, or insufficient water intake.
Electrolyte Composition & Normal Values
- ECF has higher sodium and chloride levels, while ICF has higher potassium and phosphate.
- Standard electrolyte values:
- Sodium (Na): 135-145 mEq/L
- Potassium (K): 3.5-5.5 mEq/L
- Chloride (Cl): 97-107 mEq/L
- Magnesium (Mg): 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
- Phosphorus (P): 2.5-4.5 mEq/L
- Calcium (Ca): 8.6-10 mg/dL
Sodium's Role
- Sodium is crucial for ECF osmotic pressure, volume regulation, and water distribution.
- Concentrations are inversely related to total body water and impact neuromuscular function and acid-base balance.
- The Na-K pump plays a key role in maintaining sodium and potassium concentrations across compartments.
Implications of Electrolyte Imbalances
- Concentration changes in serum sodium can significantly impact overall fluid balance and body function.
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Description
This quiz explores the distribution of body fluids, including intracellular and extracellular compartments. It highlights variations in water content based on age and body composition, as well as the essential functions of body water in maintaining physiological balance. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts of human physiology!
