Body Design University Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Abduction' refer to?

Muscle contractions that result in no movement
An external factor influencing motivation
Movement where the arms or legs move away from the body (correct)
Movement where the arms or legs move closer to the body

What are the two primary contractile proteins in muscle fibers?

actin and myosin

What does 'Adduction' mean?

Muscle shortening
Movement away from the body
Movement closer to the body (correct)
Muscle lengthening

What is the fundamental energy unit found in nature?

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Signup and view all the answers

Aerobic processes occur in the absence of oxygen.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Anaerobic means living or occurring without oxygen.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'Closed chain' kinetic movement?

Distal aspect is stationary with respect to the proximal Signup and view all the answers

What type of contraction occurs when a muscle shortens under tension?

Concentric contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is an 'Eccentric' muscle contraction?

Muscle lengthens while under tension Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Extension' refer to in terms of joint movement?

Increases the angle of a joint Signup and view all the answers

What are fascicles?

Bundles of muscle fibers wrapped in fascial sheathing Signup and view all the answers

What are Fast-twitch glycolytic muscle fibers also known as?

Type 2B (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle fibers are red, low power output, and high endurance?

Type 1 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during 'Flexion' of a joint?

The angle of the joint decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Evocation' in coaching?

Drawing out ideas during motivational interviewing Signup and view all the answers

What is intrinsic motivation?

Internal desire or wants Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Type B' personality refer to?

Responsive, informal, and open Signup and view all the answers

What are proprioceptors?

Neurological detection devices Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Maintenance stage' of behavior change entail?

Engagement in regular physical activity for at least 6 months Signup and view all the answers

What is hyaline cartilage?

Hard, smooth material covering joint surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is isometric contraction?

Type of contraction where tension develops but no movement occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is lactic acid?

Byproduct of anaerobic metabolism in type 2B muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

What does lateral rotation involve?

Rotation of the arms or legs outward Signup and view all the answers

What is liability insurance?

Necessary insurance for trainers to protect against litigation Signup and view all the answers

What is a ligament?

Connective tissue connecting bone to bone Signup and view all the answers

What does medial rotation refer to?

Rotation of the arms or legs inward Signup and view all the answers

What is a motor unit?

A single nerve cell and all the muscle fibers it innervates Signup and view all the answers

What is an Open chain movement?

Kinetic chain movement where the proximal aspect is stationary Signup and view all the answers

What is a sarcomere?

The fundamental contractile unit of a muscle fiber Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes slow-twitch oxidative fibers?

Red, high endurance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are tendons?

Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone Signup and view all the answers

What is tidal volume?

The total amount of air taken in during a breath Signup and view all the answers

What is the Precontemplation stage in behavior change?

People are sedentary and not considering physical activity Signup and view all the answers

What does ambivalence mean?

Simultaneous conflicting feelings toward something Signup and view all the answers

What is passive stretching?

Stretching that involves outside forces to elongate muscle Signup and view all the answers

What involves Customer Service - Type A?

Follow up with evidence of results Signup and view all the answers

What is extrinsic motivation?

External variables influencing behavior Signup and view all the answers

What does atrophy/hypertrophy refer to?

Breakdown/building up of muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is an Emergency Action Plan (EAP)?

A written response plan for emergency preparedness Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Movement Terminology

Abduction: Movement of arms or legs away from the body in the frontal plane.
Adduction: Movement of arms or legs closer to the body in the frontal plane.
Flexion: Decreasing the angle of a joint in the sagittal plane.
Extension: Increasing the angle of a joint in the sagittal plane.
Lateral Rotation: Outward rotation of arms or legs in the transverse plane.
Medial Rotation: Inward rotation of arms or legs in the transverse plane.

Muscle Physiology

Actin/Myosin: Primary contractile proteins in muscle fibers forming sarcomeres.
Concentric Contraction: Muscle shortens while under tension.
Eccentric Contraction: Muscle lengthens while under tension.
Isometric Contraction: Muscle develops tension without joint movement.
Sarcomere: Fundamental contractile unit of muscle fibers.
Types of Muscle Fibers:
- Fast-Twitch Glycolytic (Type 2B): High power output, low endurance (white fibers).
- Fast-Twitch Oxidative/Glycolytic (Type 2A): Moderate power output and endurance (pink fibers).
- Slow-Twitch Oxidative (Type 1): Low power output, high endurance (red fibers).

Aerobic and Anaerobic Concepts

Aerobic: Processes that occur in the presence of oxygen.
Anaerobic: Processes that occur without oxygen.
Lactic Acid: Byproduct of anaerobic metabolism, particularly in type 2B fibers.

Elements of Motivation

Intrinsic Motivation: Internal desire for physical activity, leading to long-term adherence.
Extrinsic Motivation: External influences such as music that can motivate individuals.
Ambivalence: Conflicting feelings towards exercise or fitness.

Movement Patterns

Closed Chain: Distal aspect stationary while proximal moves.
Open Chain: Proximal aspect stationary while distal moves.

Structural Components

Fascicle: Bundles of muscle fibers encased in fascial sheathing.
Ligament: Connective tissue that connects bone to bone.
Tendons: Connective tissue that links muscle to bone.
Hyaline Cartilage: Smooth material covering articulating surfaces of synovial joints.

Breathing and Volume

Tidal Volume: Total amount of air inhaled during a breath.

Stages of Change in Physical Activity

Precontemplation Stage: Individuals are inactive and not considering changes.
Maintenance Stage: Regular physical activity for at least 6 months.

Coaching and Customer Service

Evocation: Drawing out ideas instead of imposing them during coaching.
Customer Service - Type A: Follow-up with evidence of results for clients.

Safety and Emergency Preparedness

Emergency Action Plan (EAP): Written plan to ensure preparedness for emergencies in facilities.
Liability Insurance: Essential for trainers to protect against litigation.

Proprioception

Proprioceptor: Neurological devices that detect body position and movement.

Muscle Change Processes

Atrophy/Hypertrophy: Processes of muscle tissue breakdown and building up, respectively.

Characteristics of Individuals

Type B Personality: Responsive, informal, and open interactions.

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