Body Defense Systems Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which system acts swiftly to defend the body against any external substances, regardless of what they are?

Specific Defense System

Healthy skin and mucous membranes

Inflammatory response

Non-Specific Defense System (correct)

What is the more frequent name for the specific defense system?

Non-Specific Defense System

Macrophages

Lymphatic system

Immune system (correct)

What cells are most crucial in the immune system's defense mechanism?

Macrophages

Lymphocytes (correct)

Inflammatory response

Healthy skin and mucous membranes

Which system is made up of a wide range of chemicals and trillions of immune cells that live in lymphatic tissues and move around in bodily fluids?

Immune system Signup and view all the answers

How does the immune system achieve a highly precise resistance to illness?

By attacking cells directly and indirectly through the release of protective antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What lessens the workload of the specific defense system by restricting the admission and spread of pathogens throughout the body?

Non-Specific Defense System Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for ensuring one-way lymphatic flow in the lymphatic vessels?

Valves in the channels Signup and view all the answers

Which organ serves as a blood reserve and reacts to foreign compounds in the blood?

Spleen Signup and view all the answers

Where are the spaces shielded by tonsils in the human body?

Between the nasal and oral cavities Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity describes the physical defenses that cover body surfaces in the first line of defense against incoming pathogens?

Innate immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for acting as a robust physical barrier against microorganisms on the skin?

Keratinized epidermis Signup and view all the answers

Where is lymph discharged into the blood in the human body?

Thoracic duct Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are produced by the lymphatic system and play a large role in immunity?

B cells and T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for collecting fats from the small intestine?

Lymphatic system Signup and view all the answers

What is described as the capacity to fend against the negative effects of microbes and other foreign substances?

Immunity Signup and view all the answers

What makes up the non-specific defenses that cover body surfaces and work on the first front lines of defense against incoming pathogens?

Surface membrane barriers Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sebum in the body's defense against pathogens?

It contains compounds that are harmful to bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Where is lysozyme, an enzyme that eliminates bacteria, found in the human body?

In saliva and lacrimal fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neutrophils and macrophages in the body's defense against pathogens?

They swallow foreign substances similar to how an amoeba consumes food Signup and view all the answers

Which bodily fluids contain substances that act as barriers to stop pathogens from entering the body?

Saliva and vaginal secretions Signup and view all the answers

What is the general defensive reaction sometimes regarded as a response to illness?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

In what bodily organs are phagocytes present to deal with pathogens that manage to get past the mechanical barriers?

Almost every body organ Signup and view all the answers

How do natural killer cells differ from lymphocytes in their response to targets?

Natural killer cells can respond spontaneously against any target by identifying specific sugars on the intruder's surface, while lymphocytes can only recognize and react to specific virus-infected or tumor cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lysosome in the context of cellular processes?

The lysosome's enzymatic components break down or digest the vacuole's contents when it fuses with it. Signup and view all the answers

What is chemotaxis in the context of white blood cells?

Chemotaxis is the capacity of white blood cells to travel in the direction of pathogens or areas of tissue injury. Signup and view all the answers

What role does membrane mucous play in the immune system's defense mechanism?

Membrane mucous acts as a robust physical barrier to the majority of microorganisms that swarm on the skin as long as the skin is intact. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of natural killer cells in the immune system?

Natural killer cells patrol the body's blood and lymphatic system and have the ability to lyse and kill cancer cells and virus-infected bodily cells before the immune system is called upon to help. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the keratinized epidermis of the skin play in immune defense?

The keratinized epidermis acts as a robust physical barrier to the majority of microorganisms that swarm on the skin as long as it is intact. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immune System Overview

The innate immune system acts quickly to defend the body against external substances, regardless of their nature.
The specific defense system is more commonly known as the adaptive immune system.

Key Immune Cells

Lymphocytes, including B cells and T cells, are crucial in the immune system's defense mechanism.

Immune System Composition

The immune system consists of numerous chemicals and trillions of immune cells residing in lymphatic tissues and circulating in bodily fluids.

Disease Resistance Mechanisms

Highly precise resistance to illness is achieved through the recognition of specific pathogens by the adaptive immune system.
The innate immune system lessens the workload of the adaptive defense by restricting the entry and spread of pathogens throughout the body.

Lymphatic System Features

One-way lymphatic flow in lymphatic vessels is ensured by one-way valves.

Spleen Function

The spleen serves as a blood reserve and responds to foreign compounds in the blood.

Tonsils and Body Defense

Tonsils are positioned in the throat and mouth, providing immune protection to those spaces.

Immunity Types

Physical defenses covering body surfaces, such as skin and mucous membranes, constitute the first line of defense (non-specific immunity).

Skin and Pathogen Barrier

Keratin acts as a robust physical barrier against microorganisms on the skin.

Lymphatic System and Blood

Lymph is discharged into the blood at the junction of the subclavian veins.

Lymphatic Cells

The lymphatic system produces lymphocytes, which play a significant role in immune responses.

Digestive Tract and Fats

The lymphatic system collects dietary fats from the small intestine through lacteals.

Immune Capacity

Immunity is the body's ability to defend against microbes and foreign substances negatively impacting health.

Physical Barriers

Non-specific defenses include skin, mucous, and secretions functioning on the front lines against pathogens.

Sebum's Role

Sebum provides an oily barrier that helps protect against pathogens.

Lysozyme Presence

Lysozyme, an enzyme that destroys bacteria, is found in saliva and tears.

Phagocyte Function

Neutrophils and macrophages engulf and destroy pathogens that penetrate initial barriers.

Defensive Bodily Fluids

Bodily fluids such as mucus and saliva contain substances that impede pathogen entry.

Inflammatory Response

The inflammatory reaction acts as a general defensive response to infections or injuries.

Phagocyte Locations

Phagocytes are present in organs such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes to deal with pathogens that breach mechanical barriers.

Natural Killer Cells

Natural killer cells differ from lymphocytes in that they respond to infected or cancerous cells without prior sensitization.

Lysosome Functionality

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and pathogens within cells.

Chemotaxis Explained

Chemotaxis refers to the movement of white blood cells towards the site of infection or injury in response to chemical signals.

Mucous Membranes

Membrane mucous acts as a sticky barrier that traps pathogens and prevents their entry into the body.

Natural Killer Cell Function

Natural killer cells play a primary role in identifying and eliminating infected or abnormal cells.

Keratinized Skin Role

The keratinized epidermis provides a tough protective layer, forming a frontline defense against potential pathogens.

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Description

Test your knowledge about the two systems of the body's defense - the non-specific defense system and the specific defense system. Learn about how each system functions to protect the body from external substances and pathogens.