40 Questions
What is the term for the stiffening of the body 2-4 hours after death?
Rigor Mortis
At what age does a child begin to understand own morality in relation to death?
5-9 years old
What is the process of achieving acceptance in bereavement?
Restitution
What is the term for the geometric arrangement of body parts in relation to each other?
Body Alignment
What is the age range where a child understands death as the inevitable end of life?
5-9 years old
What is the term for the discoloration of the surrounding tissues due to the release of Hgb?
Livor Mortis
What is the principle of efficient, coordinated, and safe use of the body to produce motion and maintain balance during activity?
Body Mechanics
What is the age range where a child believes death is temporary and reversible?
5 years old
What is the primary focus of Engel's model of grief?
Resolution of grief in a year or longer
What stage of grief involves making promises to a higher power in exchange for more time?
Bargaining
According to Parker's model, what is the typical timeframe for progressing through the stages of grief?
2 years or longer
What stage of grief involves acknowledging the reality and inevitability of the loss?
Depression
Who is credited with pioneering work that prompted increased attention to the needs of the dying and the bereaved?
Kubler-Ross
What stage of grief involves feeling a sense of detachment from supportive people and loss of interest in worldly activities?
Acceptance
What is the first stage of grief, characterized by a lack of emotional impact?
Shock and Disbelief
What is the next stage of grief after shock and disbelief?
Developing Awareness
What is the purpose of a carminative?
To expel flatus from the rectum
What is the size of the rectal tube used for adults?
Fr.# 22-30
What is the method of feeding used for critically ill clients?
Continues feeding
What is the purpose of a flow enema?
To expel flatus and stimulate peristalsis
What is the definition of grief?
A response to the impending loss of a significant person, object, belief, or relationships
What is a precaution for using an enema?
Use with caution in cardiac patients
Which of the following is a characteristic of anticipatory grief?
A pattern of responses to the impending loss of a significant person, object, belief, or relationships
What is gastric surgery used for?
To aid in weight loss
What is the frequency and duration of intermittent feeding?
Four to five times a day for 30 minutes
What is the first stage of the Kubler Ross model of dying?
Denial
What is the volume of fluid used in bolus feeding?
250-400ml
What is the definition of bereavement?
A state of desolation resulting from loss
What is the definition of mourning?
A socially accepted expression of grief
What is the characteristic pattern of responses to the impending loss of a significant person, object, belief, or relationships?
Anticipatory grief
What is the second stage of the Kubler Ross model of dying?
Anger
What is the outcome of the grieving process?
Reduced interest in new relationships
What is the function of the gate in the gate control theory?
It blocks the transmission of pain stimulus
What is the purpose of using hand rolls or rubber balls in protective devices?
To prevent claw hand deformity
What type of receptors are specific to noxious stimuli?
Exinoreceptors
What is phantom pain?
Pain felt in the body part that is no longer present
What is the purpose of ROM exercises?
To maintain joint mobility and flexibility
What is referred pain?
Pain perceived at an area other than the site of injury
What is the parallel processing model?
A model that describes the psychology and neurologic of pain sensation
What is the purpose of meticulous hygiene and skin kept clean and dry?
To prevent infection and promote wound healing
Study Notes
Body Changes After Death
- Rigor mortis: stiffening of the body 2-4 hours after death
- Algor mortis: gradual decrease of the body's temperature until it reaches room temperature
- Livor mortis: discoloration of the surrounding tissues due to the release of Hgb; appears in lowermost parts or dependent areas of the body
Development of Concept of Death
- Infancy:
- 5 years old: does not understand the concept of death, believes death is temporary and reversible
- 5-9 years old: understands death as the inevitable end of life, begins to understand own mortality
- 9-12 years old: death is understood as a permanent event
Concept of Dying
- Grief: encompassing response (physical, psychological, cognitive, and behavioral) to the loss of a significant person, object, belief, or relationships
- Anticipatory grief: characteristic pattern of responses to the impending (real or imagined) loss
- Bereavement: state of desolation resulting from loss
- Mourning: socially conventional bereavement behaviors after the death of a significant others
Models of Grief
- Engel's model: resolution of grief takes 1 year or longer
- Kubler Ross Stage Dying: 5 stages of grief (denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance)
- Parker's model: progression through the stages of grief normally takes 2 years or longer
Kubler Ross Stage Dying
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- Denial: complete denial of the illness and impending death
-
- Anger: directed towards fate, God, family members, or healthcare providers
-
- Bargaining: seeks to delay the dreaded event, bargains with God
-
- Depression: acknowledges the reality and inevitability of the impending death
-
- Acceptance: comes to terms with loss and detachment from supportive people and loss
Protective Devices
- Hand rolls or rubber balls: to prevent claw hand deformity
- Trochanter rolls: hips to upper third of thigh
- Footboard: to prevent foot deformity
- Wedge pillow: to prevent respiratory complications
Gate Control Theory
- Substantia gelatinosa: a gate in the spinal cord that controls pain perception
- Gate is open: stimulus is transmitted, pain is perceived
- Gate is close: pain stimulus is blocked, no pain is perceived
Pain Theories
- Affect theory: pain is emotional and intensity
- Parallel processing model: psychology/neurologic of the pain sensation and cognitive emotional properties
- Factors influencing pain experience: anxiety, fear, and past experiences
Types of Pain
- Phantom pain: actual pain felt in the body part that is no longer present
- Radiating pain: felt at the source and extends to surrounding tissues
- Referred pain: pain is perceived at an area other than the site of injury
- Psychogenic pain: due to emotional factors with no psychologic basis
- Intermittent pain: stops and starts again
This quiz covers the physical changes that occur in the body after death, including rigor mortis and algor mortis, as well as the emotional responses to bereavement. It also touches on signs and symptoms of depression and grief.
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