Questions and Answers
When did the period called Classicism occur?
17th Century
In your own words, explain in detail what the ideal of honest man means and refers to?
The term 'ideal of honest man' refers to the men of the Royal Court in the 17th century. It was generally a man who was educated, cultured with good values and manners. Just an overall gentleman.
What were ALL the Aristotelian rules respected by Classical theatre during the period called Classicism?
The concept of mimesis, the rule of propriety, the rule of realism, the three unities, catharsis.
What were the three main locations for theatre?
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What were the main genres of performances performed at the Royal Court?
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Explain why the conditions of representation were difficult for the audience and for the actors.
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Define and explain what a salon in France during the century of Classicism was.
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What were the 4 main genres of plays in France during the period called Classicism?
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What characteristics was the movement and period of Classicism based on?
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What was a Jesuit college?
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Who was Molière?
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What was the real name of Molière?
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What was the name of the theatre company that Molière created in 1643?
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Which king of France hired Molière at the Royal Court in the 17th century?
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What was the genre of performance that Molière and Jean-Baptiste Lully created especially for the king of France?
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What was the name of Molière's theatre company once the King's brother became their patron?
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What is the genre of theatre that influenced Molière's works the most?
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What were Molière's two main goals in his plays?
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What is the title of Molière's comedy that was censored by the Society of the Holy Sacrament?
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What are the circumstances of Molière's death?
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Study Notes
Classicism in France
- Classicism occurred in the 17th century, characterized by strict artistic rules and a focus on reason and moral values.
- The ideal of an "honest man" represented cultured, educated gentlemen of the Royal Court, embodying values of good manners and integrity.
Aristotelian Influence in Theatre
- Classical theatre adhered to Aristotelian rules including the concept of mimesis, propriety, realism, the three unities (time, place, action), and catharsis.
Theatre Locations
- Major locations for theatrical performances included Jesuit colleges, Parisian theatre buildings, and the Royal Court, forming hubs for cultural events.
Performance Genres
- The Royal Court primarily featured comedies and ballets, reflecting the tastes of the nobility.
Representation Conditions
- Theatres lacked electricity, relying on lamps and candles, creating visibility issues due to smoke.
- Crowded venues often forced some audience members to sit on stage, complicating actors' performances with limited space.
Role of Salons
- Salons were exclusive gatherings where aristocrats discussed literature, art, and theatre, fostering intellectual exchange among the elite.
Main Genres of Plays
- Prominent genres during Classicism included comedies, tragedies, ballets, and tragicomedies, showcasing a diverse theatrical repertoire.
Characteristics of Classicism
- The movement emphasized rules, reason, morality, and simplicity, striving for clarity and order in artistic expression.
Jesuit Colleges
- Jesuit colleges served as institutions where theatre was taught in Latin, cultivating a connection between religion and the arts.
Molière's Contributions
- Molière, born Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, was a prominent playwright, actor, and troupe leader who significantly influenced French theatre.
- He established "The Illustre Theatre" in 1643 and gained patronage from King Louis XIV, reflecting his importance in the cultural landscape.
Unique Performance Styles
- Molière and composer Jean-Baptiste Lully created the genre of comedy-ballet specifically for the royal audience, blending music, dance, and theatrical performance.
Molière's Theatre Company
- The theatre company became known as "Troupe de Monsieur" after receiving support from the King's brother, enhancing its reputation and opportunities.
Influences and Goals
- Molière drew substantial influence from commedia dell'arte, a form of Italian theatrical performance.
- His main goals in writing were to entertain the audience while also providing moral lessons, balancing humor with education.
Controversies and Legacy
- "Tartuffe, or the Hypocrite" faced censorship from the Society of the Holy Sacrament, highlighting the tensions between art and authority.
- Molière's life ended in 1673, dying backstage after a performance, signifying his dedication to the craft until the very end.
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