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Questions and Answers

When did the period called Classicism occur?

17th Century

In your own words, explain in detail what the ideal of honest man means and refers to?

The term 'ideal of honest man' refers to the men of the Royal Court in the 17th century. It was generally a man who was educated, cultured with good values and manners. Just an overall gentleman.

What were ALL the Aristotelian rules respected by Classical theatre during the period called Classicism?

The concept of mimesis, the rule of propriety, the rule of realism, the three unities, catharsis.

What were the three main locations for theatre?

Jesuit colleges, theatre buildings in Paris, and the Royal Court. Signup and view all the answers

What were the main genres of performances performed at the Royal Court?

Comedies and Ballets Signup and view all the answers

Explain why the conditions of representation were difficult for the audience and for the actors.

Theaters did not have electricity; stages were lit by lamps and candles, making it hard to see. It became so crowded that some audience members sat on stage, complicating actors' performances. Signup and view all the answers

Define and explain what a salon in France during the century of Classicism was.

The salon was a group of like-minded individuals who discussed literature, art, playwrights, etc. It was exclusive to the nobility and aristocracy. Signup and view all the answers

What were the 4 main genres of plays in France during the period called Classicism?

Comedies, tragedies, ballets, tragicomedies Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics was the movement and period of Classicism based on?

Rules, reason, moral, and simplicity. Signup and view all the answers

What was a Jesuit college?

A college where religious members taught theatre in Latin to students. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Molière?

A playwright, actor, and troupe leader. Signup and view all the answers

What was the real name of Molière?

Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the theatre company that Molière created in 1643?

The Illustre Theatre Signup and view all the answers

Which king of France hired Molière at the Royal Court in the 17th century?

Louis XIV (14) Signup and view all the answers

What was the genre of performance that Molière and Jean-Baptiste Lully created especially for the king of France?

Comedy-ballet Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of Molière's theatre company once the King's brother became their patron?

'Troupe de Monsieur' Signup and view all the answers

What is the genre of theatre that influenced Molière's works the most?

Commedia dell'arte Signup and view all the answers

What were Molière's two main goals in his plays?

To entertain and educate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of Molière's comedy that was censored by the Society of the Holy Sacrament?

Tartuffe, or the Hypocrite. Signup and view all the answers

What are the circumstances of Molière's death?

He died in 1673, backstage after playing his last role in his last performance. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classicism in France

Classicism occurred in the 17th century, characterized by strict artistic rules and a focus on reason and moral values.
The ideal of an "honest man" represented cultured, educated gentlemen of the Royal Court, embodying values of good manners and integrity.

Aristotelian Influence in Theatre

Classical theatre adhered to Aristotelian rules including the concept of mimesis, propriety, realism, the three unities (time, place, action), and catharsis.

Theatre Locations

Major locations for theatrical performances included Jesuit colleges, Parisian theatre buildings, and the Royal Court, forming hubs for cultural events.

Performance Genres

The Royal Court primarily featured comedies and ballets, reflecting the tastes of the nobility.

Representation Conditions

Theatres lacked electricity, relying on lamps and candles, creating visibility issues due to smoke.
Crowded venues often forced some audience members to sit on stage, complicating actors' performances with limited space.

Role of Salons

Salons were exclusive gatherings where aristocrats discussed literature, art, and theatre, fostering intellectual exchange among the elite.

Main Genres of Plays

Prominent genres during Classicism included comedies, tragedies, ballets, and tragicomedies, showcasing a diverse theatrical repertoire.

Characteristics of Classicism

The movement emphasized rules, reason, morality, and simplicity, striving for clarity and order in artistic expression.

Jesuit Colleges

Jesuit colleges served as institutions where theatre was taught in Latin, cultivating a connection between religion and the arts.

Molière's Contributions

Molière, born Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, was a prominent playwright, actor, and troupe leader who significantly influenced French theatre.
He established "The Illustre Theatre" in 1643 and gained patronage from King Louis XIV, reflecting his importance in the cultural landscape.

Unique Performance Styles

Molière and composer Jean-Baptiste Lully created the genre of comedy-ballet specifically for the royal audience, blending music, dance, and theatrical performance.

Molière's Theatre Company

The theatre company became known as "Troupe de Monsieur" after receiving support from the King's brother, enhancing its reputation and opportunities.

Influences and Goals

Molière drew substantial influence from commedia dell'arte, a form of Italian theatrical performance.
His main goals in writing were to entertain the audience while also providing moral lessons, balancing humor with education.

Controversies and Legacy

"Tartuffe, or the Hypocrite" faced censorship from the Society of the Holy Sacrament, highlighting the tensions between art and authority.
Molière's life ended in 1673, dying backstage after a performance, signifying his dedication to the craft until the very end.