Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal when identifying and treating a seizure patient?
What is the primary goal when identifying and treating a seizure patient?
What is the definition of hypotension in an adult patient?
What is the definition of hypotension in an adult patient?
What is the primary purpose of the 'sepsis alert' during hospital notification?
What is the primary purpose of the 'sepsis alert' during hospital notification?
Which of the following patient populations is considered high-risk for sepsis?
Which of the following patient populations is considered high-risk for sepsis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of aggressive fluid therapy in pediatric sepsis patients?
What is the primary goal of aggressive fluid therapy in pediatric sepsis patients?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of fever in an adult patient?
What is the definition of fever in an adult patient?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a contraindication for aggressive fluid therapy in pediatric sepsis patients?
Which of the following is a contraindication for aggressive fluid therapy in pediatric sepsis patients?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary criterion for initiating a fluid bolus in pediatric sepsis patients?
What is the primary criterion for initiating a fluid bolus in pediatric sepsis patients?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is not a component of the Pediatric Sepsis Rule-In Criteria by Age?
Which of the following is not a component of the Pediatric Sepsis Rule-In Criteria by Age?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of the pediatric base station in pediatric sepsis cases?
What is the primary role of the pediatric base station in pediatric sepsis cases?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of managing a patient with sepsis?
What is the primary goal of managing a patient with sepsis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following patients is at a higher risk for sepsis?
Which of the following patients is at a higher risk for sepsis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended position for a patient with hypotension?
What is the recommended position for a patient with hypotension?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of shock?
What is the definition of shock?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a sign of shock in a pediatric patient?
Which of the following is a sign of shock in a pediatric patient?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended action for a pregnant patient with hypotension?
What is the recommended action for a pregnant patient with hypotension?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a complication of sepsis?
Which of the following is a complication of sepsis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended frequency for monitoring vital signs in a patient with shock?
What is the recommended frequency for monitoring vital signs in a patient with shock?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of hypotension in a pediatric patient?
What is the definition of hypotension in a pediatric patient?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended action for a patient with suspected sepsis?
What is the recommended action for a patient with suspected sepsis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the increased risk of stroke associated with in children?
What is the increased risk of stroke associated with in children?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of the EMS STROKE ALGORITHM?
What is the primary goal of the EMS STROKE ALGORITHM?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the indication for transporting a patient to a Comprehensive Stroke Center or thrombectomy-capable Primary Stroke Center?
What is the indication for transporting a patient to a Comprehensive Stroke Center or thrombectomy-capable Primary Stroke Center?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary symptom of syncope?
What is the primary symptom of syncope?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended treatment for a patient with a blood glucose level less than 70 mg/dL?
What is the recommended treatment for a patient with a blood glucose level less than 70 mg/dL?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the indication for referring to the ALTE/BRUE protocol?
What is the indication for referring to the ALTE/BRUE protocol?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended treatment for a postpartum hemorrhage patient with a SBP less than 90 or HR greater than 110?
What is the recommended treatment for a postpartum hemorrhage patient with a SBP less than 90 or HR greater than 110?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the increased risk of stroke associated with in mothers-to-be and postpartum mothers?
What is the increased risk of stroke associated with in mothers-to-be and postpartum mothers?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the Cincinnati Stroke Scale?
What is the purpose of the Cincinnati Stroke Scale?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended treatment for a patient who has sustained a fall and requires assessment for trauma?
What is the recommended treatment for a patient who has sustained a fall and requires assessment for trauma?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary indication for administering oxygen to pediatric patients suspected of having a stroke?
What is the primary indication for administering oxygen to pediatric patients suspected of having a stroke?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the Posterior Cerebellar Assessment?
What is the purpose of the Posterior Cerebellar Assessment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Correct LAMS score for a patient with facial droop and arm drift?
What is the Correct LAMS score for a patient with facial droop and arm drift?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done if the patient cannot be delivered to an appropriate stroke center within 30 minutes?
What should be done if the patient cannot be delivered to an appropriate stroke center within 30 minutes?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done for pediatric suspected stroke patients who have not reached their 18th birthday?
What should be done for pediatric suspected stroke patients who have not reached their 18th birthday?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done during the notification of the receiving stroke center or hospital?
What should be done during the notification of the receiving stroke center or hospital?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale?
What is the purpose of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done if the patient's LAMS score is 0-3?
What should be done if the patient's LAMS score is 0-3?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done for suspected stroke patients who are greater than 30 minutes from any stroke center?
What should be done for suspected stroke patients who are greater than 30 minutes from any stroke center?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done for all suspected stroke patients within 22 hours of last known well time?
What should be done for all suspected stroke patients within 22 hours of last known well time?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary indication of a seizure?
What is the primary indication of a seizure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first step in managing a patient who has stopped seizing?
What is the first step in managing a patient who has stopped seizing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal when managing a patient during an active seizure?
What is the primary goal when managing a patient during an active seizure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended treatment for a patient with a blood glucose level less than 70 mg/dL?
What is the recommended treatment for a patient with a blood glucose level less than 70 mg/dL?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended action if the patient does not improve after 10 minutes of oral glucose administration?
What is the recommended action if the patient does not improve after 10 minutes of oral glucose administration?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a potential underlying cause of a seizure?
Which of the following is a potential underlying cause of a seizure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended device to use when protecting a patient's mouth during an active seizure?
What is the recommended device to use when protecting a patient's mouth during an active seizure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of BLS in managing a patient with a seizure?
What is the primary goal of BLS in managing a patient with a seizure?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Seizures - Adult
- Indications: involuntary, repetitive muscle movements, observed seizure activity, decreased mental status, unconsciousness, incontinence, and head injury
- Post-seizure management:
- Identify and treat injuries
- Check blood glucose and treat per Hypoglycemia protocol if necessary
- Administer oral glucose paste (10-15 grams) between the gum and cheek if blood glucose is less than 70 mg/dL
- Administer a single additional dose of oral glucose if not improved after 10 minutes
- Active seizure management:
- Do not restrain the patient or place any device into the patient's mouth
- Protect the patient from injury
- Identify and treat potential underlying causes of seizure: epilepsy, head injury, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hypoperfusion, infection, stroke, alcohol or drug abuse or withdrawal, and head injury
Seizures - Pediatric
- Indications: same as adult, plus pediatric-specific considerations
- Post-seizure management:
- Same as adult, plus pediatric-specific considerations
- Active seizure management:
- Same as adult, plus pediatric-specific considerations
Sepsis - Adult
- Indications: adult patients (18 years of age and older) with a suspected source of infection and present with at least two of the following criteria:
- Temperature greater than 100.4°F (38°C) or less than 95.9°F (35.5°C)
- Heart rate greater than 100 bpm
- Respiratory rate greater than 25 (or ETCO2 less than or equal to 32 mmHg)
- Hypotension (systolic BP less than 90 mmHg)
- Management:
- Place patient in position of comfort, or supine if hypotension is present
- Monitor airway and respiratory status, manage as required using the appropriate respiratory distress protocol
- Rendezvous with ALS or transport to the closest appropriate facility
- Use the term "sepsis alert" during hospital notification
- Priority 1 patients: those with suspected sepsis and either altered mental status or hypotension
Sepsis - Pediatric
- Indications: pediatric patients (less than 18 years of age) with a suspected source of infection and present with at least three of the Pediatric Sepsis Rule-In Criteria by Age
- Management:
- Place patient in position of comfort, or supine if hypotension is present
- Monitor airway and respiratory status, manage as required using the appropriate respiratory distress protocol
- Transport to the closest appropriate facility
- Use the term "sepsis alert" in consultation with the receiving facility
- Priority 1 patients: those with suspected sepsis and either altered mental status or hypotension
Shock/Hypoperfusion - Adult
- Indications: shock is a state of inadequate blood flow to meet the oxygen demands of the cells
- Symptoms:
- Altered mental status
- Cool, clammy skin
- Diaphoresis
- Hypotension
- Tachycardia or weak pulses
- Shallow, labored respirations
- General weakness
- Decreasing pulse pressure
- Management:
- Place patient in supine position with legs elevated
- Closely monitor airway and vital signs every 5 minutes
- Pregnancy: for pregnant patients greater than 20 weeks gestation with hypotension, provide constant left lateral uterine displacement
Shock/Hypoperfusion - Pediatric
- Indications: same as adult
- Symptoms:
- Same as adult, plus pediatric-specific considerations
- Management:
- Same as adult, plus pediatric-specific considerations
Stroke - Adult & Pediatric
- Indications:
- Blurred vision
- Difficulty speaking
- Numbness or weakness
- Sudden onset of dizziness or loss of balance
- Severe, unexplained headache
- Management:
- Position patient with head elevated at 30 degrees
- Check blood glucose level; if less than 70 mg/dL, treat per Hypoglycemia protocol
- Perform Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (any abnormality is positive for stroke)
- Perform Posterior Cerebellar Assessment (any abnormality is positive for stroke)
- If either the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale or Posterior Cerebellar Assessment is positive, then calculate the suspected stroke patient's Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) score
- Destination determination for a suspected stroke patient who can be delivered to the appropriate stroke center within 30 minutes from when the patient was last known well
- Notify the receiving stroke center or hospital as soon as possible
Syncope - Adult & Pediatric
- Indications:
- Transient loss of consciousness with an inability to maintain postural tone
- Symptoms may resolve without intervention or prior to EMS arrival
- Patients who "feel like they are going to pass out" (near-syncope)
- For children less than 24 months of age, refer to ALTE/BRUE protocol
- Management:
- Place patient in the supine position, with feet elevated
- Check blood glucose
- If less than 70 mg/dL, refer to Hypoglycemia protocol
- Perform Cincinnati Stroke Scale
- If any abnormal findings are present, refer to Stroke protocol
Obstetrics/Gynecological Emergencies: Childbirth Algorithm
- Indications: labor, fetal distress, or other obstetric emergencies
- Management:
- Follow the Childbirth Algorithm
- Perform uterine massage
- ALS administer TXA (e)
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the signs and symptoms of a seizure, as well as the BLS protocol for managing a seizure, including treating injuries and hypoglycemia. It is essential for emergency medical responders to know how to identify and treat seizures.
