Bloom's Taxonomy and Gardner's Theory

Bloom's Taxonomy

• It is a classification of learning objectives within education
• Evaluation of material for a given purpose relates to the 'Evaluate' level of Bloom's Taxonomy
• This level involves judging the value of information or ideas
• Creating, evaluating, analyzing, applying, understanding, and remembering are all levels of Bloom's Taxonomy

Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory

• This theory suggests different types of intellectual abilities
• Interpersonal intelligence is exhibited by excelling in group activities while struggling with individual tasks
• Spatial intelligence is the ablity to visualize the world in 3D
• Linguistic intelligence is the ability to find the right words to express what you mean
• Intra-personal intelligence is about understanding yourself, your feelings, and what you want
• Logical-mathematical quantifies things, makes hypotheses, and proves them
• Musical intelligence discerns sounds, their pitch, tone, rhythm, and timbre
• Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is coordinating your mind with your body
• Naturalist intelligence understands living things and reading nature

Teaching Methods

• Expository teaching involves teachers providing information directly to students
• Expository teaching is often through lectures or demonstrations, it can otherwise be known as direct instruction or didactic

Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

• Vygotsky defined ZPD as when learning occurs best when tasks are just beyond the students' current ability
• Tasks can be accomplished with guidance as a result
• The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is the region between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance
• Comfort Zone is where the task comes easily for the student and can be completed alone
• Frustration Zone is where the task is too difficult and is out of reach for the student

Classroom Management Techniques

• Proximity control entails teachers moving around the classroom to monitor student activity and provide support when needed
• Clear verbal instructions help the entire class, which helps with classroom management
• Awareness of all events occurring in the classroom at all times is important

Curriculum Development

• Spiral curriculum revisits the same topics over time with increasing complexity

Assessment Types

• Formative assessment monitors student learning progress during instruction and provides ongoing feedback
• Student's readiness for an academic course or program is measured before with formative assessment.
• Diagnostic assessments allow the student to find their strengths and weaknesses

Differentiated Instruction and Diverse Learning

• Employing a variety of instructional strategies to address diverse learning styles is differentiated instruction
• Those diverse learning styles are the different needs, educational backgrounds, attention spans, interests, language abilities and cultural backgrounds

Experiential Learning

• Reflective observation involves students reflecting on their experiences to gain insights
• Experiential learning starts with concrete experience followed by reflective observation, then abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation

Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers in the Philippines

• According to the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers in the Philippines, a teacher's primary obligation is to the learners
• A teacher must recognize that learner's interests and welfare should be a priority and be dealt with justly and impartially

Performance-Based Assessment

• Performance-based assessment involves students demonstrating their knowledge and skills through active creation or performance
• An example of this would be Oral Presentation

Inquiry-Based Learning

• Providing students with questions for investigation is aligned with inquiry-based learning

Formal curriculum

• It includes the lessons and academic content taught in schools
• Also includes the knowledge and skills students are expected to learn as well

Transformative Learning

• The primary goal for learners is to critically examine and change their perspectives
• Transformative learning's key steps:
  • Disorienting dilemma: where past experiences are challenged by new information
  • Critical reflection: where learners have to acknowledge limitations and explore all other options and perspectives
  • Collaboration: where learners seek and find those who can relate and show that problems affects other as well
  • Implementation: new ideas and integrating mental schemes guides what is learnt

Learning by Teaching Approach

• Involves students learning the material and then teaching their peers

Reflective Practice

• Entails critically analyzing one's teaching experiences to improve future instruction

8 Learning Management Questions

• They act as a sequential set of questions guiding teachers in developing effective learning experiences, by David Lynch
  • LMQ1: What have students achieved to date?
  • LMQ2: How to help students achieve lesson objectives better and faster?
  • LMQ3: How students learn best?
  • LMQ4: What resources are at disposal?
  • LMQ5: Teaching strategies?
  • LMQ6: Who supports the teaching strategies?
  • LMQ7: How to check that students have achieved the defined learning outcomes
  • LMQ8: How to report student progress?

The Teaching-Learning Process

• Scaffolding provides temporary support to students to facilitate learning

Discovery Learning

• It encourages students to explore and discover concepts on their own, with minimal teacher guidance

Key Educational Theorists

• Lev Vygotsky is credited with the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) theory
• Piaget's theory is Cognitive Development (SPCF)
• Skinner's theory is based on Operant Conditioning
• Howard Gardner's theory is concerned with Multiple Intelligences

Professional Responsibility of Teachers

• Encouraging open communication and respect among students create a positive environment

Qualities of Reflective Practitioner

• Regularly assessing and adjusting methods based on student feedback is important

Professional Development

• Keeping teachers updated with the latest teaching strategies and knowledge is essential

Ethical Code for Teachers

• Ensuring all students receive equal opportunities and fair treatment by demonstrating impartiality is important

Learning Technologies

• Continuing attendance with workshops is essential for lifelong learning

Teacher's Place in the Community

• Participating in community development initiatives is important

Professional Standards for teachers

• Professional standards regarding diversity is recognizing and accommodating individual differences in learning.
• Collaboration and sharing on best practices in professional relationships with colleagues

Assessments

• Providing constructive feedback to support student improvement aligns with ethical standards in assessment

Curriculum Designs

• Problem-centered designs integrates subjects to reflect real-world applications
• Learner-centered design focuses on needs and interests of the students, allowing them say in learning

Tyler's Rationale

• Control over student behavior is NOT one of the four fundamental questions for curriculum development
• Tyler's Rationale/Process should follow the following process: select objectives; select learning experiences; organize learning experiences; evaluate

"Scope" in Curriculum

• Curriculum deals with the depth and breadth of content to be covered

Hidden Curriculum

• Refers to the unintended lessons and values students learn in school

Curriculum Evaluation

• Formative evaluation is conducted during the development and implementation of the curriculum

Null Curriculum

• Refers to what is intentionally left out of the curriculum

Standards-Based Curriculum

• It is based on predetermined benchmarks for student learning

Cooperative Learning

• It involves students working together in small groups to achieve a common academic goal
• It promotes both individual accountability and mutual support

Explanation of Bloom's Taxonomy with its levels of learning objectives. It also explains Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory. This theory covers interpersonal, spatial, linguistic, and intra-personal intelligence.