Blood Viscosity and Resistance Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which molecule is considered the most potent vasoconstrictor among Endothelins?

  • Endothelin-3
  • Endothelin-1 (correct)
  • Endothelin-2
  • Endothelin-4

    • What effect does Prostacyclin (PGI2) have on blood vessels?

  • Increased platelet aggregation
  • Decreased platelet aggregation (correct)
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Vasoconstriction

    • Which molecule released by platelets causes vasoconstriction and increased platelet aggregation?

  • Thromboxane A2 (correct)
  • Endothelin-1
  • Prostacyclin (PGI2)
  • Nitric Oxide (NO)

    • What is the main trigger for the generation of Nitric Oxide (NO) in blood vessels?

    <p>Increased shear stress on the blood vessel wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance contributes to maintaining a localized clot without excessive extension?

    <p>Prostacyclin (PGI2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule released by the endothelium causes vasodilation?

    <p>Prostacyclin (PGI2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect do Nitrovasodilators, such as Nitroglycerin, have on capacitance vessels?

    <p>Decrease the venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main site of action of Vasodilator drugs like Nitrovasodilators?

    <p>Large diameter arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in autoregulation of blood flow?

    <p>Causing hyperpolarization and relaxation by opening ATP-sensitive K+ channels on smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about Endothelium Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor (EDHF)?

    <p>It increases blood flow by opening ATP-sensitive K+ channels on smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Prostacyclin (PGI2) in blood flow autoregulation?

    <p>Mediating the release of vasodilator prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Thromboxane A2 impact blood flow regulation?

    <p>Inducing vasoconstriction through H+ ions release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Endothelins (ET-1, ET-2, ET-3) on blood flow autoregulation?

    <p>Decreasing O2 levels, leading to vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism leads to increased local blood flow by accumulation of Vasodilator Metabolites like Adenosine?

    <p>Opening ATP-sensitive K+ channels causing hyperpolarization and relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in response to Hypoxia in the context of autoregulation?

    <p>[O2] decrease opening ATP-sensitive K+ channels inducing vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor increases blood flow by causing hyperpolarization and relaxation?

    <p>[H+] ions accumulation resulting in relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main site of peripheral resistance?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor causes vasodilation by decreasing vasomotor tone?

    <p>Nitric Oxide (NO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood flow occurs when changes in blood velocity turn streamline flow into turbulent flow?

    <p>Turbulent Flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mild narrowing produced by atherosclerosis results in large reductions in blood flow due to:

    <p>Decreased vessel diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological effect of small changes in arteriolar diameter?

    <p>Large changes in flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances causes vasoconstriction?

    <p>Endothelins (ET-1, ET-2, ET-3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increased diameter of the vessel have on resistance?

    <p>Decreases resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological half-life of Nitric Oxide (NO)?

    <p>A few seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a vasodilator?

    <p>Thromboxane A2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance acts as the Endothelium-derived Relaxing Factor (EDRF)?

    <p>Nitric Oxide (NO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Endothelium Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor (EDHF) in blood vessels?

    <p>Induces vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound plays an important role in physiological and pathological conditions as a vasodilator?

    <p>Prostacyclin (PGI2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main molecular mechanism of Vasodilators like Endothelium-derived substances?

    <p>Partial depolarization of smooth muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is NOT considered a vasodilator?

    <p>Thromboxane A2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular mechanism behind the Bayliss Effect in vascular smooth muscle?

    <p>Stretch by blood pressure leading to partial depolarization and contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vasoactive substance is produced by the endothelium and causes vasodilation by increasing intracellular cGMP levels?

    <p>Prostacyclin (PGI2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vasoactive substance is released by damaged endothelium and has potent vasoconstrictor effects?

    <p>Endothelins (ET-1, ET-2, ET-3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vasoactive substance acts as a potent vasodilator produced by the vascular endothelium and causes smooth muscle relaxation?

    <p>Nitric Oxide (NO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vasoactive substance is derived from arachidonic acid metabolism and acts to promote platelet aggregation?

    <p>Thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vasoactive substance is produced by the endothelium and functions as a paracrine agent to regulate vascular tone?

    <p>Endothelium Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor (EDHF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vasoactive substance is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide that plays a role in blood pressure regulation?

    <p>Endothelins (ET-1, ET-2, ET-3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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